1. The Northern Colonies New England and Middle Colonies

2. The Puritans Protestant Reformation Puritans (1559)
Luther begins Reformation (1517)
Calvinism (1536)
Humans=weak and wicked.
Predestination
Expected to seek “conversions”
Church of England (1538) (‘Anglicans’)
Puritans: “totally reform the Christian faith”.
Puritans (1559)
Only “visible saints” admitted
Separatists: completely broke from the Church of England.
Flee England due to persecution
The Puritans
Puritan Family, 1563

3. Pilgrims Land at Plymouth
Plymouth Colony
‘Separatists’ sailed on the Mayflower (1620)
Mayflower Compact: set of rules all settlers agreed to obey.
Winter : 44 of 102 survived.
Fall 1621: First Thanksgiving was celebrated
Plymouth merged with the Massachusetts Bay Colony (1691)
Pilgrims at Plymouth Rock

4. Massachusetts Bay Colony
The Bay Colony Bible Commonwealth
Non-Separatist Puritans (1629)
“City on a Hill” ideal
John Winthrop: elected governor or deputy governor for 19 years.
Life in the Colony
All adult males could take part in govt.
‘Theocracy’
Religious leadership powerful
Laws to limit “Earthly pleasures”
John Winthrop

7. Trouble in the Bay Colony
Quaker Tensions:
Fined, flogged, and/or banished.
The Quakers (1650)
“Quaked” under deep religious emotion.
Offensive to religious and civil rule.
No swearing oaths
Simple, devoted, democratic people against war and violence
Quaker Religious Ceremony

8. Defiance in the Bay Colony
Roger Williams : Puritan minister
Govt. should not govern religious behavior
Banished in 1635, helped found Rhode Island
Anne Hutchinson: “a holy life was no sure sign of salvation” and “the saved need not obey the law of either God or man”.
Put on trial in 1638
Said her beliefs were “directly from God”
Banished from the colony, went to Rhode Island.
Roger Williams
Anne Hutchinson

9. The Root that Ate Roger Williams

10. Founding of Connecticut and New Hampshire
New England Expands
Maine was absorbed by Massachusetts (1623).
Hartford, Connecticut was founded (1635)
Rev. Thomas Hooker: principal founder of CT.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639): bears strong similarity to U.S. Constitution.
Charles II made New Hampshire a separate colony (1679)
Hooker and followers reach Connecticut, 1636

11. Indian Wars: Pequot War
Wars of Extermination
Puritans vs. Indians over the Connecticut River Valley.
English destroy Pequots at Mystic River.
40 years of peace follows.
Mystic River Massacre, 1637

12. King Philip’s War (1675)
Metacom (called King Philip): chief that united neighboring tribes against the English.
King Philip’s War slowed colonial western march.
Metacom was beheaded and quartered , his wife and son sold to slavery.
Metacom (King Philip)

13. The Dutch at New Netherlands
Dutch Become a Colonial Power
Hudson claimed NY for the Dutch (1609)
New Amsterdam (NYC) was a Dutch East India Co. town
Patroonships: tracts of land given to those who agreed to settle at least 50 people on them.
Dutch expel the Swedes from New Sweden (1655)
Peter Stuyvesant

14. Duke of York (later James II)
The Birth of New York
The Dutch Get the Boot
Charles II granted his brother, Duke of York, the area of New Netherland (1664)
British troops landed and defeated the Dutch without a shot
Renamed ‘New York’.
Duke of York (later James II)

15. Seeds of Colonial Unity and Independence
New England Confederation:
Formed in 1643 by 4 colonies
Notable milestone in Amer. unity
Charles II was ‘restored’ to throne.
Shocked to find how much his orders were ignored by Mass.
As punishment, charters were given to Connecticut (1662), and Rhode Island (1663).
1684, Massachusetts charter revoked.
Charles II

16. The Dominion of New England
The First American Revolution?
Dominion of New England (1686): created as defense against Indians & tying the colonies to Britain.
Navigation Acts (1660’s): forbade American trade with countries other than Britain.
Sir Edmund Andros: head of the Dominion.
No town meetings, restricted the courts & the press, and revoked land titles.
Taxed wo/ representation
Glorious Revolution occurs in England; Dominion collapsed (1689).
Sir Edmund Andros

17. The Founding of New Jersey
Duke of York gives land grant to Lord Berkeley and Carteret (1664).
Neither man found a profitable enterprise there.
After bankruptcies, the crown created New Jersey (1702).
John, Lord Berkeley
Sir George Carteret

18. Penn Settles Pennsylvania
Penn’s Holy Experiment in Pennsylvania
William Penn: a well-born Englishman and Quaker.
Secured an immense grant from crown (1681)
Called Pennsylvania, meaning “Penn’s Woods”
William Penn

19. Pennsylvania Prospers
Penn Settles the Colony
Penn BOUGHT land from Indians (peaceful co-existence)
New settlers mistreated the Indians as time passed
Freedom of worship to everyone (but Jews and Catholics)
Death penalty only for murder and treason.
Only VA was more populous & wealthy
Penn signing a treaty with the Lenapi, 1682

21. Anthony Ashley-Cooper
The Carolinas
Founded: 1669
Principle Founder: ‘Lords Proprietors’
Reason for Founding: for-profit colony
Interesting Information: due to social & cultural divide, Carolina split in 1712; birth of plantation slavery.
Anthony Ashley-Cooper

22. Georgia Founded: 1733 Principal Founder: James Oglethorpe
Reason for Founding: Buffer against Spain, “social experiment”.
Interesting information: Slavery & rum outlawed until 1759.
Gen. James Oglethorpe