1. The Imperialist Vision

2. Building Support for Imperialism
After the Civil War there was little call for expansion
As European powers began to expand as did the U.S.
Attitudes changed because of economic and military competition and a growing sense of cultural superiority

3. Imperialism
The economic and political domination of a strong nation over other weaker nations (world domination)
Imperialism created by: the need for more raw materials and new markets to sell refined products
Protectorates: local rulers remained in power, but were protected by European nations
Americans expanded for economic reasons

4. John Fiske and Josiah Strong
John Fiske: Anglo-Saxonism
English speaking nations had superior character, ideas and government and were destined to dominate the planet
Josiah Strong: linked Anglo-Saxonism to missionary work

5. Expansion in the Pacific
Matthew C. Perry
Japan

6. Annexing Hawaii
Queen Liliuokalani
Hawaii

7. Latin America Latin America was a concern because James G. Blaine
Trade
Show Europeans that the U.S. was dominate in the region
James G. Blaine
Pan-Americanism
Create a customs union between Latin America and the U.S.
System to work out disputes peacefully

8. Latin America (cont’d)
Blaine hoped these steps would lower tariffs and keep Europe out
Blaine's plan was shot down by the Latin American countries
Did, however, create the Commercial Bureau of the American Republics
Organization that promoted cooperation in the western hemisphere (today it is called the Organization of American States)

9. Building a Modern Navy
1888 near dispute with Germany over the Samoa Islands in the South Pacific
1891 American soldiers attacked in the port of Valparaiso in Chile
1895 the U.S. backed Venezuela against Great Britain in a border dispute
Captain Alfred T. Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History,

10. Revolution in Cuba
Cuba had been a Spanish colony and in 1868 Cuba declared independence
The rebellion was defeated
Jose Marti was an exiled Cuban in America that stirred up support
After a sugar tariff increase by the U.S. the economy collapsed
1895 Marti and followers created the Republic of Cuba in eastern Cuba

11. Hearst Fuel to the Fire Pulitzer

12. Fuel to the Fire (cont’d)
Cuba attacked American property hoping to provoke American involvement
General Valeriano Weyler “The Butcher” was appointed the governor of Cuba
Enrique Dupuy DeLome Letter
U.S.S. Maine
Finally in 1898 President William McKinley authorized Congress to declare war on Spain

13. Two Sided War Cuba was blockaded Philippines was attacked
George Dewey led the Philippines fighting and won at Manila Bay
Troops were dispatched and Guam was taken along the way
More deaths occurred in training camp then in battle

14. Two Sided War (cont’d)
Americans moved on El Caney and San Juan Heights
Rough Riders led by Leonard Wood and Theodore Roosevelt
9th and 10th Calvary Regiments (Buffalo Soldiers)
Santiago, Cuba surrendered on August 12, 1898

17. Treaty of Paris
Americans wanted to annex the Philippines b/c of trade, naval bases, and civilizing the Filipinos
Cuba became independent
U.S. acquired Puerto Rico and Guam
U.S. paid $20M for the Philippines
The U.S. was now an imperial power

18. Philippines Emilio Aguinaldo led a revolution against the Americans
Douglas MacArthur set up reconstruction camps
Insular Cases
Constitution does not follow the flag
Subjects do not have the rights of citizens

19. Cuba U.S. military government was est. in Cuba Platt Amendment:
Cuba could not make a treaty with another nation that would weaken its power or allow a foreign power to gain territory
U.S. could buy or lease naval bases (Guantanamo Bay)
Debts had to be kept low so foreign countries would not invade
U.S. could intervene to protect and keep order

20. The Caribbean/Latin America
Colombia and Panama
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
Policemen on the Western Hemisphere
Big Stick Diplomacy – Roosevelt
Great White Fleet
Dollar Diplomacy – Taft
Moral Diplomacy - Wilson

26. Dollar Diplomacy

27. Asia Issues in China Spheres of influence
Sec. of State John Hay under President McKinley created an Open Door Policy
All countries should be allowed to trade with China
Expected all countries to accept his plan
Initially other countries did not support the Open Door Policy but they came around

29. Jap-Russo War Fighting over territory in China
Roosevelt won the 1906 Noble Peace Prize for his efforts in ending the war
Relations however worsened between the U.S. and Japan
Both agreed to uphold the Open Door Policy and support China’s independence
Great White Fleet