1. The War of the Roses
Lobj: the consider the myths and reality behind one of the most epic periods in English History

2. Main Characters Two parties : the Party of Lancaster (red rose)
the Party of York (white rose)

3. War of the Roses The Hundred Years War:
House of Lancashire (Henry Tudor)
VS.
House of York (Richard, Duke of York).

4. Who was Richard III?
The people of York and Lancaster had been fighting for the crown of England for over 100 years.
Richard of York became King of England in 1482.
It is said that Richard had his little nephews killed in the Tower of London.

5. Who was Henry VII? Who was Henry Tudor?
Henry was the great-grandson of the Duke of Lancaster.
He was banished to France as Richard feared he might try to take the throne.
In 1485 Henry gathered some support in England and landed in Wales with his supporters.

6. The Battle
Richard gathered his 6,000 supporters and marched towards Ambien Hill.
He hoped to meet and defeat Henry before he brought his army to London.
Henry approached with 2,000 men.
Richard waited with his men for four days.

7. How did Henry win?
Gradually Richard’s men began to lose hope and began to leave.
It is thought that the Duke of Northumberland betrayed Richard and joined Henry.
Richard left his high point and was slain.
Henry was crowned Henry VII of England.

8. Richard was the younger brother of King Edward IV.
Richard was asked to look after the King’s sons.
They were placed in the tower of London for safe keeping.
They were never seen again. Richard became king.
Henry Tudor was a distance relative of Richard III.
He had a lot of support from the Welsh.
The two sides met at Market Bosworth, where Richard was killed
Henry became king

10. Lancaster Henry VI (1421-1471) Reign : 1422-1461 and 1470-1471
Marguerite d'Anjou, his wife
Edward, Prince of Wales, his son

11. Lancaster-Tudor
Henry, Earl of Richmond ( ) becomes Henry VII Tudor
Reign :

12. Lancaster

13. York Edward IV (1442-1483) Reign : 1461-1470 and 1471-1483
His father, Edward Duke of York (+1461)

14. York His sons : Edward V (1470-1483) Richard of York
George, Duke of Clarence (+1478)

15. York Richard of Gloucester (1452-1485), becomes Richard III
Reign :

16. York

17. Lords Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick (+1471) "the King Maker"
His brothers : George, archbishop of York
John, Lord Montagu (+1471)

18. Lords
Duke of Buckingham (+1483)
William, Lord Hastings (+1483)

19. Main Events First period : troubles
Henry VI weak, Sommerset and Suffolk plunder the state funds--> Lancastrians unpopular
1449
English lose Normandy
1450
defeated soldiers
numerous agitators (Jack Cade ...)-->anarchy
French corsairs

20. death of Suffolk
1453
End of the 100 year war
Henry VI becomes mad
Birth of his son, Duke of York no more the heir
Duke of York protector of the Kingdom
Christmas 1454
Henry VI recovers his mind
Queen Marguerite and Sommerset at power

21. Second period : first struggle for the power
1455
battle of St Albans
--> Duke of York and Warwick capture the King
1456
Queen Marguerite gets back her husband
Each party raises troops
civil riots
1459
Marguerite attacks
Several battles --> Yorkist leaders leave the country

22. 1460
Yorkist leaders come back
King captured at the battle of Northampton
Duke of York becomes Heir of the Crown
Marguerite still fights
Duke of York and his oldest son, Edmond, killed at the Battle of Wakefield
1461
Marguerite gets back her husband at the battle of St Albans
Warwick and Edward take London and Edward becomes King (4th Mars)

23. Third period : Reign of Edward IV (1461-1470)
Towton battle : the biggest of the war and the final one
guerilla warfare in Wales and extreme north
1463
Marguerite flies in France
1464
Death of the last Lancastrians leaders at the battles of Hedgeley Moor and Hexham

24. 1465
King Henry VI captured
Rise of the power of the Neville family
George Archbishop of York and chancellor
John, Marquis of Montagu, reigns over the north
Warwick rules the army and the foreign office
Edward tries to resist
1469
Edward captured by the Nevilles and his brother George of Clarence

25. Fourth period : new anarchy
1469
Riots in London and in the whole country
Lancastrian uprising at the Scottisch border
Help of Edward necessary --> more power
1470
Conspiracy of Clarence and Warwick
fails (battle of Lose-Coat Field)
Clarence and Warwick flee in France
Clarence, Warwick and Marguerite ally
The alliance takes the power --> Henry VI King

26. 1471
Edward comes back with a small army
Edward takes York
Several battles in favour of Edward
George Neville betrays the Lancastrians and gives up London and Henry VI to Edward
Battle of Barnet : Warwick and John killed
Final battle of Tewkesbury :
Marguerite captured
Her son is killed

27. Fifth period : Reign of Edward IV (1471-1483)
Happy period of peace and reconstruction
Governs with the help of his faithful and clever brother Richard
Dies unexpectedly of illness

28. FOUNDS THE TUDOR DYNASTY
Sixth period : Reign of Richard III
Richard of Gloucester becomes king with the help of the Duke of Buckingham in place of his nephew and despite the opposition of Hasting
He kills his nephews
He crashes Buckingham uprising
He is killed by Henry, Earl of Richmond, at the battle of Bosworth
Henry becomes Henry VII
FOUNDS THE TUDOR DYNASTY