1. University of North Texas Libraries
A Map of Mexico and the Republic of Texas
Primary
Source
Adventures:
Texas
Annexation:
United We
Stand?
What were some of the qualities of each nation? Common history and differences between the two nations. Think about culture, economies, and political structure and background.
A Map of Mexico and the Republic of Texas. drawn & engraved to accompany The history of Mexico
and Texas. By J.M. Niles & L.T. Pease; T. Twitichel, sc. Hartford, 1838.
University of North Texas Libraries

2. Republic of Texas Land Grant, 1845
Primary
Source
Adventures:
Texas
Annexation:
United We
Stand?
The empresario land grants continue under the Texas republic with similar criteria: League of land, empresarios land agents, and payments policies.
University of North Texas Libraries

3. Certificate of election from the Republic of Texas Primary Source
Adventures:
Texas
Annexation:
United We
Stand?
The political structure were similar to the United States except the bill of rights was the first part of the Constitution: why? Also, a very limited government nature including term limitations and sporadic congressional powers. This represents a strong sense of individualism, still evident even today in Texas: Examples???
Certificate of Election
By: Republic of Texas
President Anson Jones
University of North Texas Libraries

4. Portrait of Anson Jones, last president of the Republic of Texas.
Primary
Source
Adventures:
Texas
Annexation:
United We
Stand?
The last President of the Republic of Texas. He tried to play both hands during the annexation question by playing of the United States, Mexico, Britain, and France. News of the Congressional joint resolution spread across the Republic of Texas during the spring, causing a massive outpouring of support for annexation to the United States. Citizens of nearly every county held mass meetings endorsing annexation. President Jones, however, wanted to delay the issue until France and Britain pressured Mexico to guarantee Texas independence. Mexico, on advice of the British, agreed to acknowledge the independence of Texas on the condition that the Republic would not annex herself to any country. Jones wanted to use the guarantee of independence from Mexico coupled with friendly British and French relations, to gain additional concessions from the United States. Texans, however, wanted annexation and they wanted it immediately. President Jones bowed to public pressure and called a special session of the Texas Congress to meet on 16 June 1845 and consider the question of annexation. The delay in endorsing annexation, together with his feud with Houston, politically damaged Jones and ensured he would never again hold political office in Texas.
Anson Jones. Memoranda and Official Correspondence Relating
to the Republic of Texas. (NY: D. Appleton and Co., 1859)
University of North Texas Libraries

5. University of North Texas Libraries
A typical example of
anti-annexation
propaganda
Primary
Source
Adventures:
Texas
Annexation:
United We
Stand?
Who and why? For this text: Whigs vs. Democrats: Texas ministers Isaac van Zandt and James Pinckney Henderson secretly worked on crafting the agreement. Houston, who received a copy of the treaty on 28 April 1844, was generally satisfied. However, any chance for the treaty to be accepted was destroyed when it became the central issue in the 1844 United States presidential election. Henry Clay, the Whig candidate, announced he would oppose annexation. On 8 June 1844 the United States Senate killed the treaty by a 35 to 16 margin, with fifteen southern Whigs voting against a treaty they otherwise would have supported. Texans reacted bitterly, while Houston announced that Texas was “free from all involvements and pledges” and would pursue its own national interests. Houston, however, said that in the event of a new offer from the United States that was unequivocal in character, and removed all impediments to annexation, “it might be well for Texans to accept the invitation.”
University of North Texas Libraries

6. University of North Texas Libraries
Read some of the
objections to Texas
annexation,
note points III and IV.
Primary
Source
Adventures:
Texas
Annexation:
United We
Stand?
What are some the reasons for opposing annexation? Valid points or not? justified
Edward Everett Hale. How to
Conquer Texas Before Texas
Conquers Us.
(Boston: Redding & Co. 8 State
St. 17 March 1846)
University of North Texas Libraries

7. University of North Texas Libraries
Read about the fear that annexation would extend the power of the slave states
Primary
Source
Adventures:
Texas
Annexation:
United We
Stand?
What were the main concern over slavery? Connect to SF Austin and his role from the begginning?
Edward Everett Hale. How to Conquer Texas Before Texas Conquers Us.
(Boston: Redding & Co. 8 State St. 17 March 1846)
University of North Texas Libraries

8. Anson Jones’ explanation for pursuing annexation
Primary
Source
Adventures:
Texas
Annexation:
United We
Stand?
As president: what were the pros an cons for annexation: political, economical and social benefits? What were the problems of officially supporting annexation
Anson Jones. Letters Relating to the History of Annexation. (Philadelphia: 1852)
University of North Texas Libraries

9. Read about the relationship between Britain, France,
and the Republic of Texas.
Primary
Source
Adventures:
Texas
Annexation:
United We
Stand?
Reorganization important/ why Foreign affairs and their role? significance
Anson Jones. Letters Relating to the History of Annexation. (Philadelphia: 1852)
University of North Texas Libraries

10. Anson Jones’s devotion to annexation
Primary
Source
Adventures:
Texas
Annexation:
United We
Stand?
Anson Jones. Letters Relating to the History of Annexation. (Philadelphia: 1852)
University of North Texas Libraries

11. An example of anti-Texas propaganda published as a news
article and pamphlet.
Primary
Source
Adventures:
Texas
Annexation:
United We
Stand?
Theodore Sedgwick. Thoughts on the Proposed Annexation of Texas to the United States.
(NY: D. Fanshaw, 1844)
University of North Texas Libraries

12. Read about resistance to annexation based on slavery
Primary
Source
Adventures:
Texas
Annexation:
United We
Stand?
Are they pro slavery or against: why
Theodore Sedgwick. Thoughts on the Proposed Annexation of Texas to the United States.
(NY: D. Fanshaw, 1844)
University of North Texas Libraries

13. Read about objection to annexation based on Mexico's claims
Primary
Source
Adventures:
Texas
Annexation:
United We
Stand?
Cause of war: is war necessary
Theodore Sedgwick. Thoughts on the Proposed Annexation of Texas to the United States.
(NY: D. Fanshaw, 1844)
University of North Texas Libraries

14. A typical example of anti- Annexation propaganda Primary Source
Adventures:
Texas
Annexation:
United We
Stand?
Describe the picture: what is the author trying to convey to the audience
Benjamin Lundy. The Anti-Texass
[sic] Legion. (Albany: Patriot Office, 1845)
University of North Texas Libraries

15. Once again, read about objection to annexation based on slavery
Primary
Source
Adventures:
Texas
Annexation:
United We
Stand?
Benjamin Lundy. The Anti-Texass [sic] Legion. (Albany: Patriot Office, 1845), 1.
University of North Texas Libraries

16. Read about calls to action against Texas annexation
Primary
Source
Adventures:
Texas
Annexation:
United We
Stand?
Benjamin Lundy. The Anti-Texass [sic] Legion. (Albany: Patriot Office, 1845), 1.
University of North Texas Libraries

17. Read what Boston abolitionists suggested
should be done if Texas was annexed
Primary
Source
Adventures:
Texas
Annexation:
United We
Stand?
Stephen C. Phillips. Address on the annexation of Texas, and the aspect of slavery in the United States,
In connection therewith: delivered in Boston November 14 and 18, 1845.
(Boston: W. Crosby and H.P. Nichols, 1845)
University of North Texas Libraries

18. A drawing of Anson Jones
Primary
Source
Adventures:
Texas
Annexation:
United We
Stand?
What makes a nation??? convention assembled on 4 July, Jones placed before them and the Texas Congress the choice between annexation to the United States or independence recognized by Mexico. The Senate unanimously rejected guaranteed independence from Mexico, and then both chambers accepted the annexation state constitution was drawn up by the convention and quickly ratified by popular vote in October It was accepted by the United States Congress on 29 December 1845, when President James K. Polk signed the Texas Admission Act. The formal transfer of power occurred on 19 February Republic of Texas President Anson Jones turned over the reins of state government toGovernor James Henderson, declaring “the final act in this great drama is now performed; the Republic of Texas is no more
Homer S. Thrall. A Pictorial History of Texas. (St. Louis: N.D. Thompson, 1879), 343
University of North Texas Libraries