1. Ocean Environment

2. Ocean Contents
Ocean water is salty, SALINITY is a measure of the amount of dissolved salt contained in water.
Salt water is more dense than fresh water
Density is a measure of the amount of matter packed into a given volume; the higher the salt content the more density, the easier it is to float
Parts of the ocean can be saltier than other parts if evaporation has taken place
As you go down in depth the salinity increases

3. Ocean Floor

4. Ocean Zones
Intertidal Zone
Near Shore
Open Ocean

6. Intertidal Zone

7. Intertidal Zone Intertidal Zone
Changes conditions based on high or low tide
Organisms must be able to survive in wet and dry environments.
At low tide: The intertidal zone is exposed to air, the environment is dry.
At high tide: the intertidal zone is covered in water.

8. Intertidal Zone What lives there? -Crabs, mussels, starfish, seaweed

9. Near Shore

10. Near Shore: Coral Reefs
Located over the continental shelf
Coral Reefs
Tropical regions
Built from limestone deposits
Contains 25% of all ocean life
Only exist where sunlight can reach the ocean floor

11. Near Shore: Coral Reefs
What lives there?
-Algae, Anemone, Anemone Fish, Parrotfish, Moray Eel, Nudibranch, Clams(giant clams), Coral, starfish, Sea Urchins
Sea Urchin
Nudibranch
Parrotfish
Giant Clam
Moray Eel
Algae
Anemone

12. Near Shore: Kelp Forests
A type of seaweed in cold water
Can be 40m (length of an airline jet)
Need sunlight to grow so found only in the near shore environment

13. Near Shore: Kelp Forests
What lives there?
-Worms, Starfish, Lobsters, Crabs, Abalones, Octopus and Sea Otters.
Abalones
Sea Otters
Octopus
Lobster

14. Three Types of Organisms of the Near Shore Environment
1. Bottom Dwellers
Plant like organisms; algae, seaweed, crabs, corals, starfish, and shellfish

15. Three Types of Organisms of the Near Shore Environment
2. Floaters
Don’t swim, float; jellyfish
Jellyfish

16. Three Types of Organisms of the Near Shore Environment
3. Swimmers
Fish, dolphins, whales and octopuses
These animals swim
Dolphins
Whales
Fish

17. Open Ocean

18. Open Ocean: Surface Zone
The top 200m of the open ocean.
Has SUNLIGHT
Contains less life then near shore because there are no plants, rocks or reefs to protect life

19. Open Ocean: Surface Zone
What lives there?
-Dolphins, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Jellyfish
Phytoplankton
Dolphin
Zooplankton
Jellyfish

20. Open Ocean: Deep Zone Deep Zone: Dark and cold NO SUNLIGHT = NO PLANTS
Animals that live here must eat each other to survive or eat food that floats down from the surface
Most species glow in the dark at this stage

21. Open Ocean: Deep Zone What lives there?
-Whales, lantern fish, Hatchet Fish, Mid-water Shrimp, Anglerfish, Gulper Eel, Rattail, Giant Squid
Gulper Eel
Rattail
Giant Squid
Anglerfish
Shrimp
Lantern Fish
Hatchet Fish

22. Deep Ocean: Hydrothermal Vents
-Openings in Earth’s crust
-Water seeps into cracks in the ocean floor and is heated by magma. Heated water rises and gushes into the ocean
Organisms survive here from
the bacteria

23. Deep Ocean: Hydrothermal Vents
What lives there?
-Bacteria, tubeworms, crabs, fish, shrimp
Tubeworm
Shrimp

24. Estuaries & Wetlands

25. Estuaries
Estuaries are bodies of water usually where a river meets the sea.

26. Wetlands
A wetland is a land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally, such that it takes on the characteristics of a distinct ecosystem.
Examples: Salt Marshes and Mangrove Forests

27. Salt Marshes
Salt Marsh – Are coastal wetlands which are flooded and drained by tides.
What lives there? -Fiddler crabs, hermit crabs stone crabs, snails, mussels, worms, fish and shrimp.

28. Mangrove Forests
Mangrove Forests – Are a group of trees and shrubs that live in costal wetlands that are found in tropical and subtropical regions, such as India, Australia, South America, Africa, and Florida here in the U.S.
What lives there? – Barnacles, oysters, mussels, sponges, worms, snails and small fish.