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How a Bill becomes Law
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The Branches of Government
Executive Branch – Makes Decisions PM and cabinet Legislative Branch – Discusses and Votes Parliament – HOC and Senate Judicial Branch – Makes sure everything is within Constitution and the Charter Final decision rests with Supreme Court
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Executive Branch 1. A policy proposal is presented to Cabinet by a Minister 2. Cabinet accepts or rejects the proposal 3. Supports all decisions once they are made
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B The Role of the House of Commons
4. First Reading – Bill introduced and briefly explained Any MP can introduce Bill. 5. Second Reading - Debate on the principle of the Bill -each MP can speak once
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B The Role of the House of Commons
6. Committee Stage Detailed examination of the bill by parliamentary committee. Can invite expert testimony form outside of parliament Committee numbers proportional to seats. 7. Third Reading House of Commons votes on the Bill Controlled by Party Whip
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C The Role of Senate – (The Sober Second Thought)
8. First Reading 9. Second Reading 10. Committee Stage 11. Third Reading If amended the Bill is returned to the House of Commons
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Senate Reform?
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D The Role of the Crown 12. The bill is signed by the Governor General (royal assent) and it becomes law
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E The Judicial Branch Judges appointed by Prime Minister from recommended short list Only the most experienced and respected judges Geographical representation – 3 Que, 3 Ont, 2 Western Can, 1 Atlantic Check new law complies with constitution and charter Can decide to hear “test cases” and force parliament to make changes
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The Court System Provincial court – different sections for different types of offences Can ask for appeal and court decides if it will hear the case. Supreme court of BC Appeal court of BC Supreme court of Canada
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The Charter Part of 1982 Constitution
Guarantees basic rights and freedoms for all Canadians What are the basic sections of the charter?: Fundamental freedoms; Democratic rights; mobility rights; legal rights; Equality Rights; Official languages of Canada rights; Minority Language Education Rights
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