1. BELLWORK: 4/19
How did Mussolini appeal to the people? What did he promise them?
Who were the Black shirts? How did they help Mussolini?
How did Mussolini come to power in Italy? Be specific! Include response of Italian cabinet & king.
Mussolini’s Act of Aggression is his attempt to re-create the Holy Roman Empire. What does this mean? How did he hope to accomplish this?
THINKER: While Hitler was in power he targeted communists and considered them a “threat to national security.” In your opinion, why was Hitler threatened by communism?

2. Why did people support Mussolini?
Brought order to the nation
Solved unemployment
Created feelings of patriotism and nationalism.

3. Mussolini and Blackshirt Youth
Who were they? How did they help Mussolini?

4. How did he come to power?

5. Benito Mussolini: Il Duce
Following the March on Rome in October 1922 he became the 27th Prime Minister of Italy.
Destroyed all political opposition through his secret police and outlawed strikes
Within five years he established complete control and transformed the nation into a one-party dictatorship
Mussolini remained in power until he was replaced in 1943 and died two years later.

6. Review: Mussolini’s Rise to Power
Be ready to discuss:
Invasion of Ethiopia
How people viewed him
Response of other countries

7. Hitler’s Acts of Aggression
Enabling Act (1933)
Nuremburg Laws (1935)
Breaking the Treaty of Versailles (1936)
Kristallnacht (1938)
Establishment of Ghettos (1938)

8. Ghettos: areas where minority groups are concentrated

9. Hitler takes over Europe
Beginning of WWII

10. Hitler’s Background

11. The Alter Hof in Munich: Adolf Hitler (1914)

12. Hitler in WWI; 1915

13. Beer Hall Putsch; 1923

14. Rise of Hitler By 1923, Hitler was the leader of the Nazi Party.
When the Depression struck Germany in 1929, the government could not help the 6 million unemployed workers.
Hitler took advantage of the discontent to appeal to the German people.
He promised to rebuild Germany’s economy if they brought him to power.
Mein Kampf: Hitler’s autobiography which showed his political beliefs (“my struggle”)

17. Nazi Party Election Results
Date
Votes %
Seats in Reichstag
Background
May 1924
1,918,300
6.5 32
Hitler in prison
Dec 1924
907,300
3.0 14
Hitler is released from prison
May 1928
810,100
2.6 12
Sept 1930
6,409,600
18.3
107
After the financial crisis
July 1932
13,745,800
37.4
230
After Hitler was candidate for presidency
November 1932
11,737,000
33.1
196
March 1933
17,277,000
43.9
288
During Hitler's term as Chancellor

19. Why did people support Hitler?
Promised to get Germany out of the Depression and restore hope.
Used the Jews as scapegoats, blaming all problems on them.
Tear up the Treaty of Versailles to make Germany great again!
Farmers – higher prices for their produce
Unemployed – Jobs building public projects
Middle Class – restore profits of small businesses and savings

20. Hitler in Power January 1933: Named Chancellor of Germany
February 1933: persuaded German president (Paul von Hindenburg) to suspend civil rights
March 1933: using threats, he gained the power to make laws without government consent
June 1934: demanded military swear allegiance to him
August 1934: Hindenburg dies, Hitler abolishes title of President & declares himself the Führer , or supreme leader
Hitler is now the totalitarian dictator of Germany

21. Hindenburg’s Funeral

23. Time Magazine’s “Man of the Year” - 1939

24. Hitler’s Aggression What is “demilitarization?”
After rebuilding Germany’s army, Hitler sent troops into the Rhineland.
In 1936, Hitler formed an alliance with Italian dictator, Benito Mussolini.
This alliance created the Axis Powers.

28. Hitler’s Aggression
In March 1938, Hitler proclaimed that Austria was part of Germany
Sent troops into Austria to make it official
In September 1938, Hitler occupied the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia.
The Sudetenland had a large German population and Hitler justified his actions by saying:
“I was satisfying the wish of all Germans living there to become part of Germany”

31. Appeasement
Eagar to avoid another war, the leaders of Great Britain and France adopted a policy of appeasement.
Appeasement: giving in to the demands of a nation in the hope of maintaining peace.
Munich Conference: Britain and France agree to allow Hitler’s control of the Sudetenland if he promised to stay out of the rest of Czechoslovakia.

36. Hitler’s Aggression
5 ½ months after the Munich Conference, Hitler broke his promise and invaded Czechoslovakia.
In August 1939, Hitler signed the German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact: neither country would attack the other
By securing his eastern border against Soviet attack, Hitler could focus on the rest of Europe.

39. Start of WWII On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland.
Used blitzkrieg: “lightening war” – attack combining air and land forces.
Great Britain and France promised to defend Poland so they declared war on Germany.
Allies: Great Britain and France

43. BELLWORK: 4/21
Most people didn’t know Hitler as a harsh, racist, violent dictator who prohibited individual freedoms
So why did so many people support him?
These questions will be answered in a short article.
Be ready to discuss!
Summarize how Hitler was able to maintain strict control over Germany.
What was the Gestapo?
How did the Nazis use fear to stop freedom of speech?
Summarize Hitler’s aims/goals as leader of Germany.
THINKER: Consider the possible explanations for Hitler’s rise to power…. In your opinion, which contributed the most?

44. REVIEW
At this point, which countries/territories are under Hitler’s control?
What is blitzkrieg?
What was decided at the Munich Conference? Why?
Why do Britain and France declare war on Germany?

45. Hitler Crushes Europe
In April 1940, Hitler used his powerful fighting tactics to capture Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg.
France was surrounded, but protected themselves using the Maginot Line.
Maginot Line: armed steel concrete bunkers built after WWI, stretching across the German border.
In May 1940, Hitler sent troops around the line.
France surrendered and sent their citizens to Britain.

48. Dunkirk
By this point, the Nazis trapped Belgian, French and British forces in the Northwest corner of France.
The only hope for the allies was an evacuation by sea from the French port of Dunkirk.
British began a desperate rescue mission sending 850 ships to Dunkirk to rescue the Allied armies.
In Britain, the commander Charles de Gaulle organized a free French government

53. German expansion by 1942

54. Battle of Britain
After Germany’s victories in Eastern Europe & France, there was only one major power left in western Europe to fight.
Great Britain.
Germany made plans to invade Great Britain.
However, Great Britain’s Royal Air Force engaged German forces in defense of the nation.
Battle of Britain- largest air assault in history.
German air force bombed British cities & industrial centers.
Yet, could not force a surrender. Great Britain held their ground until help came from U.S.

58. CLOSURE
Create a review timeline of Hitler’s takeover in Europe.

59. The Century, America’s Time: Over the Edge
This video covers the rise of Hitler and the causes of WWII.
As we watch, answer all the questions on the worksheet!

60. Writing Assignment: Hitler takes over Europe
During WWII, most people got their news from the radio.
By the end of WWII, 95% of Americans owned a radio.
For this assignment, you are going to create a short radio broadcast that highlights Hitler’s aggression in Europe.
You are to take on the role of a newscaster so be creative and SUMMARIZE.
You may chose one event to highlight, or you can do all of them: it is up to you!
It must be ½ page in length and include important events, people, battles, etc.
Monday, some of you will be chosen to read yours to the class – so make it good!