1. Democracy in the Age of Andrew Jackson 1828-1844
Chapter 10
Democracy in the Age of Andrew Jackson
Using online resources and books, students look for 25 facts on Andrew Jackson the person, 5 ideas for government policy, 5 major policies he implemented, 5 lasting impacts of furture of politics.
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2. At your tables… Andrew Jackson 25 Facts about him
5 Ideas that he had for government policy
5 Major Policies he implemented
5 Lasting Impacts on future of politics
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3. Jacksonian Democracy, Jacksonian Government
Jackson planned a clean sweep of senior federal office holders, some of whom had served under several presidents.
Jackson believed in what came to be called the “spoils system,” which was a patronage system.
Expanding Democracy
The presidents after Jefferson, had made few changes below the level of cabinet because essentially they were all the same political party. Jackson beliverd in the spoils system which rewards a candidates supporters with government jobs. Jackson uused the term rotation in office, but his supporters believed “to the victor belongs the spoils. With Jackson in office, about 450 people were fired from what had been na small, stable federal bureaucracy. Servies deteriorated, and the quality of some federal services like the postal service did not recover until the civil service reform took hold in the 1880s. Martin Van Buren who was the architect of Jackson’s 1828 campaign became Secretary of State. But others of Jackson’s cabinet officers were less talented and Jackson often ignored thme. Instead he surrounded himself with informal advisors who became to known as the Kitchen Cabinet. Longtime friends and advisors who workd closely with the president particularly to accomplish removing In dian from wanted lands, revoking the charter of the 2nd Bank of the US and preserving the authority of the federal union against radical supporters of the states/ rights.
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4. Jackson’s Presidential Agenda
Jackson distrusted government at all levels but had unbounded trust in his own ability to govern.
He would not defer to Congress.
Most of all, Jackson was determined to preserve the Union.
Vetoed more congressional bills than all of his predessors, wanted to make the presidencty the center of theh American government. Made it clear that Congress would have to reckon with hem He was determined to force the Indian who lived in Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi to move west to clear the land for white settlement. Supported a modified tariff, wanted to scale back the size of government. Hated the bank of US, determined to destroy it. Saw its charter aas an inappropriate use of federal authority and was convinced the bank had contributed to Adams campaign. Determined to preserve the Union when sourthern leaders were insisting that each state had the right of nullification. The right to declare that specific federal legislation was null and void whith in its borders. Even though he was a slaveholder, if slaveholders threatened the union they would have to deal with him.
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5. The Indian Removal Act, the Trail of Tears, and the Settlement of Oklahoma
Jackson thought Indians were savages
He wanted their removal from U.S. lands
Indian Removal Act (1830) - All Indians east of the Mississippi to be moved west
Resulted in the “Trail of Tears”
Indian Removal
Trail of Tears pp
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6. Indian Removal MAP 10-1, Indian Removal
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7. Jacksonian Economics—The War on the Bank of the United States
Jackson: “The Bank is trying to kill me, but I will kill it.” Called it “a many-headed Hydra of Corruption.”
In 1832, Jackson vetoed the Bank’s charter - one of the most stinging vetoes ever
Blamed the BoUS for the Panic of 1819, and an elitist threat to democracy. 2nd BoUS was patterned after 1st. The 1st had been chartered for 20 years until the Jefferson Republicans refused to extend charter. The War of 1812 came and threatened to bankrupt the country. We were saved by some very rich men who offered to loan the money if the BoUS would be rechartered. They believed that only a national bank couold build long term prosperity and ensure that their loan would be repaid. Madison, Monroe and Adams were supporters of a national market economy and used the bank to support the nation’s economy. Jackson wanted prosperitry but did not think the government should be involved. Farmers did not believe the governemtn was working in their best interest.
Many of Jackson’s supporters did not agree with him about the bank. The economy was strong and credit was solid, it seemed secure. Jackson was a populist and represented the common people politically. Many citizens do not like banks and the federal bank was one he could do something about. His attack on the bank was as emotional as it was calculated.
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8. Election of 1832 Jackson launches reelection campaign
Political parties
First time something resembling modern political pareties plasy a role. Jackson’s Democratic-Republicans become simply Democrats, they handpick his running mate Martin Van Buren. The National Republicans became known as the Whig Party. They nominated Henry Clay for president and John Sargeant as VP. The Whig Party was committed to Hamilton’s idea of federal gov’t that took an active role in shaping the economy ex. National Bank.
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9. The Tariff, the Union, and the Nullification Crisis
South Carolina votes for nullification
Calhoun resigns from V. P. and is appointed as senator from South Carolina
Federal troops sent to S.C. to collect the duties
Compromise Tariff of 1833
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10. Democratized Religion: The Second Great Awakening
No popular movement was more powerful than the upsurge in religious activity that took place in Jacksonian America.
In the early 1830s, the Second Great Awakening was in full swing.
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11. Charles G. Finney and New York’s “Burned-Over District”
Charles Grandison Finney, a Presbyterian minister
Finney led the largest religious revival ever seen in Rochester, New York.
By the late 1830s, the area where Finney preached had become known as “the burned-over district” because of the fires of religious enthusiasm there.
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12. Lyman Beecher and the Growth of Voluntary Societies
Lyman Beecher helped to launch the growth of religious volunteer societies.
The goal was to strengthen the moral sway of Congregational-Presbyterian Protestantism against the individualism of Jacksonian Democrats, Catholics, and other Protestants who disagreed with them.
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13. Revivalism and Moral Reform Movements
The rights of women and opposition to slavery were not the only reform causes to spring from the revivalism of the Second Great Awakening.
Treatment of prisoners, the mentally ill, temperance movements, and rescuing prostitutes were also focuses of reform.
The Republic Of Reform
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14. Utopian Religious Communities
Mother Ann Lee and the Shakers
John Humphrey Noyes and the Oneida Community
Robert Owen and the New Harmony Community
Joseph Smith and the Church Of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints
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15. Transcendentalism Extreme form of Romanticism Centered in New England
a spiritual state that “transcends” the physical
Margaret Fuller, Henry David Thoreau, and Ralph Waldo Emerson
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16. Democratized Education: The Birth of the Common School
The years during which Andrew Jackson dominated American politics were also years in which the nation’s public school system was radically transformed.
Various individuals with their own agendas contributed to what came to be known as the Common School Crusade.
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17. Women Become Teachers
Catherine Beecher argued that women were much better equipped than men to be teachers.
In 1837, Mary Lyon founded Mount Holyoke Female Seminary in Massachusetts to give future female teachers a college education.
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18. New Structures for Schooling
Horace Mann helped create a state Board of Education in Mass.
Mann believed in state standards for the schools.
Mann started “normal schools” to train teachers.
Mann believed in moral education.
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19. The Nation’s Textbook: McGuffey’s Reader
Began 1836, by 1920, 122 million copies had been sold
Designed to create a literate and patriotic society
Included ethical instruction
Portrayed the U.S. as white, middle class, hard working, and sacrificing for the common good
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