1. Joint and Joint Mechanics
Defined:
The points of contact between two connected bones
Hold bones together
a.k.a. articulation

2. Types of Joints Fibrous Non moveable
Bound together by connective tissue
e.g. sutures
2. Cartilaginous
Slightly moveable
hard exterior/soft core
e.g. intervertebal disks
Synovial
Most moveable
Cartilage and synovia (fluid)
Joined by ligaments
e.g. knee

3. Types of Synovial Joints
Condyloid
Oddly shaped boney surface
2 directions of movement
e.g. radiocarpal joint
Hinge
Concave and convex boney surface
1 direction of movement
e.g. humeroulnar joint
3. Ball and Socket
3 directions of movement
e.g. glenohumeral joint

4. Saddle Gliding Pivot 2 directions of movement
e.g. carpometacarpal joint
Gliding
flat and slightly curved boney surfaces
e.g. acromioclavicular joint
Pivot
One bone rotates about another
e.g. atlanto-axial joint (‘no’)

6. Characteristics of A Synovial Joint
Articulating Cartilage: located at the end of bones that come in contact with one another. It allows smooth contact surface and acts as a shock absorber.
Joint Capsule: a fiberous structure located on the outside of the joint which consists of:
- synovial membrane: allows nutrients to pass
- fibrous capsule: keeps synovial fluid from leaking
Joint Cavity: space filled with synovial fluid located between two joints.
Synovial Fluid: lubricates joints by reducing friction while providing nutrients.
Internal/External Ligaments: reinforce the joint by providing support but are not elastic.

8. Sport Injuries Tissue Properties: Recall;
Ligaments- bone to bone, tough bands of white fibrous tissue, allow some stretch
Tendons- muscles to bone, composed of white fibrous collage, allow more stretch

9. Refers to injuries of all joint tissue types
Sprains and Strains
Refers to injuries of all joint tissue types
Sprains (ligament injuries)
Strains (muscle & tendon injuries)
First degree
Mild
A few days to heal
Second degree
Moderate to more severe
Physiotherapy
Third degree
Severe
Surgery and rehab (6-12 months)

10. Sprain or Strain ???

11. Tendonitis
Inflammation of a tendon caused by irritation due to prolonged / abnormal use.
Treatment: rest, cold/heat therapy possibly splints, casts, etc…
e.g Jumpers Knee

12. Dislocations When a bone is displaced from its original location.
Symptoms:
Joint looks awkward,
painful
unusable.
Treatment: medical attention

16. Separations
When bones held together by fibrous ligaments tear away from each other.
Treatment: medical attention

17. Shin Splints
An overuse injury cause by excessive force on the tibia - effects the tibia and associated tissues (interosseous membrane and/or periosteum) - Athletes need to watch training regime, surfaces and shoes.

19. SYMPTOMS OF ANY SPORTS INJURY
S.welling
H.eat
A.ltered
R.ed
P.ainful

20. Treatment Upon injury follow: P.I.E.R Principal P.ressure: immediately
I.ce: immediately (approx. 10 mins on, 10 mins off)
E.levation: raise to reduce swelling
R.estriction: rest and protect