1. THE HEART

2. THE HEART BEAT BEGINS AT 4 WEEKS ENUTERO
FUNCTION
TO PUMP BLOOD THROUGH THE BODY VIA THE ARTERIES, CAPILLARIES, AND VEINS
DID YOU KNOW…
THE HEART BEAT BEGINS AT 4 WEEKS ENUTERO

3. LOCATION IN THE THORACIC CAVITY IN THE MEDIASTINUM THE BASE IS AT
THE TOP AND
THE APEX IS AT
THE BOTTOM
JUST LEFT OF THE
MIDLINE

4. CARDIAC MEMBRANES PARIETAL PERICARDIUM – LINES THE CAVITY
VISCERAL PERICARDIUM
– ON THE SURFACE OF
THE HEART

5. LAYERS OF THE HEART EPICARDIUM – OUTERMOST LAYER OF THE HEART TISSUE
MYOCARDIUM – MUSCLE THAT MAKES UP THE CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
ENDOMETRIUM – INNER LAYER THAT IS SMOOTH TO PREVENT ABNORMAL BLOOD CLOTTING. IT MAKES UP THE VALVES.

6. CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
UPPER CHAMBERS – LEFT AND RIGHT ATRIA SEPARATED BY THE INTERATRIAL SEPTUM
LOWER CHAMBERS –
LEFT AND RIGHT
VENTRICLES SEPARATED
BY THE
INTERVENTRICULAR
SEPTUM

7. FLOW OF BLOOD
BLOOD ENTERS THE HEART FROM THE BODY VIA THE SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR VENA CAVA
TRAVELS TO THE RIGHT ATRIUM
PASSES THROUGH THE RIGHT AV VALVE (TRICUSPID VALVE)
TRAVELS TO THE RIGHT VENTRICLE
PASSES THROUGH THE PULMONARY SEMILUNAR VALVE
TRAVELS THROUGH THE PULMONARY ARTERY TO THE LUNGS
BLOOD HAS BEEN DEOXYGENATED AND NEEDS TO GO TO THE LUNGS TO PICK UP OXYGEN (BECOMES OXYGENATED BLOOD)

8. FLOW OF BLOOD
BLOOD LEAVES LUNGS AND REENTERS HEART THROUGH 4 PULMONARY VEINS
TRAVELS TO THE LEFT ATRIUM
PASSES THROUGH THE LEFT AV VALVE (BICUSPID AKA MITRAL VALVE)
TRAVELS TO THE LEFT VENTRICLE
PASSES THROUGH THE AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE
EXITS THE HEART THROUGH THE AORTA

9. FLOW OF BLOOD
BLUE –
DEOXYGENATED
RED –
OXYGENATED

10. PARTS OF THE AORTA
ASCENDING
AORTIC ARCH
DESCENDING
THORACIC
ABDOMINAL

11. VALVES
PREVENT THE BACKFLOW OF BLOOD

12. CARDIAC CYCLE PULSE – “LUB DUB”
FIRST SOUND IS THE CONTRACTION OF THE VENTRICLES CLOSING THE AV VALVES (LUB)
SECOND SOUND IS THE CLOSURE OF THE AORTIC AND PULMONARY SEMILUNAR VALVES (DUB)
MURMUR – VALVE DOESN’T CLOSE PROPERLY

14. PULSE RATES NORMAL – RESTING PULSE IS 60 - 90
BRADYCARDIA – RESTING PULSE LESS THAN 60
TACHYCARDIA – RESTING PULSE GREATER THAN 100

15. BLOOD PRESSURE SYSTOLIC/DIASTOLIC
SYSTOLE – CONTRACTION OF THE CHAMBERS OF THE HEART
DIASTOLE – RELAXATION OF THE CHAMBER OF THE HEART
HYPERTENSION – BP GREATER THAN 140/90

16. CARDIAC CONDUCTION
CARDIAC MUSCLE HAS THE ABILITY TO CONTRACT SPONTANEOUSLY
SA NODE – NATURAL PACEMAKER OF THE HEART LOCATED IN WALLS OF RIGHT ATRIUM
IMPULSE TRAVELS TO THE AV NODE AND CONTINUES THROUGHOUT HEART

18. CORONARY ARTERIES SUPPLY BLOOD AND OXYGEN TO THE HEART
FIRST BRANCHES OFF THE ASCENDING AORTA

19. REGULATION OF THE HEART
MEDULLA OBLONGATA