1. The American Revolution
Chapter 6 p

2. 5.4 The War Begins The Second Continental Congress
Philadelphia May 1775
New Englanders favored independence through war, the other colonies wanted a more moderate action
Steps taken:
George Washington-Commander
Create a Continental Army
Print paper money (Continentals)
Olive Branch Petition

3. Ft. Ticonderoga
-stored big cannons, controlled route between Canada and Hudson Valley
-Green Mountain Boys (Ethan Allen)
-Benedict Arnold (Continental Army)
-surprise attack
Major Henry Knox (Engineer) brings cannons to Boston

4. Bunker Hill -Colonial siege of Boston
-British reinforcements arrive, colonists build defenses on Breed’s Hill and Bunker Hill
-Several frontal assaults by British (1,2,3), “Don’t fire ‘till you see the whites of their eyes!”
-Colonist ran out of gun powder and retreated
-1000 British casualties, 400 Colonial casualties
-Proved colonist could withstand a frontal assault
Moral victory for the Americans

5. Battle of Bunker Hill
Actually Breed’s Hill

6. Sect. 1- “A Nation Declares Independence” Sect. 2- “A Critical Time”
Common Sense
Declaration of Independence
Sect. 2- “A Critical Time”
Battles: Long Island, Trenton, Princeton, Saratoga
Foreign aid
Valley Forge
Sect. 3- “The War Widens”
The war at home
Fighting in the West
War at sea
Sect. 4- “Winning Independence”
Fighting moves South
Treaty of Paris

7. Sect. 1- “A Nation Declares Independence”
Common Sense
independence from England
(2) the creation of a democratic republic.
Declaration of Independence
Colonist’s rights
Complaints against Britain
Declared independence

9. Section 2: “A Critical Time”
Battle of Long Island
General Washington (US) versus General William Howe (BR)
Washington’s forces dug in to repel the British invasion force
Howe’s overwhelming forces drove the Continental Army to the end of Long Island where they were trapped
Nightfall and a heavy rain convinced Gen. Howe to quit fighting for the evening
During the night, with the help of local fisherman, Washington ferried his army safely to the mainland
Howe discovered the next morning that he had lost the opportunity to capture and destroy the Continental Army

10. Battle of Trenton
Washington desperately needed a victory to keep his soldiers from leaving
Decided to mount a surprise attack upon the hessians stationed a Trenton, NJ to bolster the spirits of his men
Crossing the Delaware River and attacking on Christmas allowed Washington to surprise the Hessians and defeat them

12. Battle Of Princeton
General Howe sent General Lord Cornwallis to capture Washington after the defeat at Trenton
Washington leaves men in his camp as decoys and circles around Cornwallis’s army and win the battle
Washington then goes to winter quarters

13. Valley Forge
Washington’s Continental army suffered through the cruel winter of 1777–1778 in a hastily built camp at Valley Forge in Pennsylvania.
The 11,000 Continental soldiers were not sufficiently fed, clothed, or housed. Many lacked socks, shoes, and even trousers. Throughout the winter, they shivered in drafty huts. At any one time, about one soldier in four was sick with chills, fever, or worse.
Despite its woes, the Continental army used that winter to gather its strength for the battles that lay ahead. Steuben’s drills sharpened the soldiers’ skills and discipline.

14. Valley Forge
A German baron, Friedrich von Steuben, helped train the Continental army. Steuben had served in the Prussian army, which was considered the best in Europe. Before Steuben arrived in early 1778, American troops were often poorly trained and undisciplined. Steuben taught the soldiers how to march, how to improve their aim, and how to attack with bayonets. His methods helped to transform raw recruits into soldiers and shaped the Continental army into a more effective force.

15. Battle of Saratoga
British general John Burgoyne came up with a plan he hoped would quickly end the rebellion. His goal was to cut New England off from the rest of the states. Burgoyne’s plan called for British forces to drive toward Albany, New York, from three directions. a. From Canada, an army of 8,000 would move south to capture the forts on Lake Champlain, Lake George, and the upper Hudson River. b. From the west, a smaller British force would drive through the Mohawk Valley toward Albany. c. And from the south, General Howe would lead a large army up the Hudson River from New York City. Burgoyne’s plan ran into trouble almost immediately. George III ordered Howe to move south from New York in a misguided attempt to attack Philadelphia . At the same time, American forces cut off the British troops coming through the Mohawk Valley.

16. Help From Abroad
France was angry over losing to Britain in the French & Indian War
Spain dislikes the British, hopes for more land
By helping the colonies, the British were busy fighting three enemies instead of just one
Also forced them to fight naval battles
Redcoats had to spread their resources

17. Europeans Help Washington
Marquis de Lafayette
Baron von Steuben
French nobleman who volunteered to serve under Washington
used his own money to buy soldiers clothes
fought in many battles
persuaded French king to send 6,000 men army to America
Prussian (modern day Germany) general
Helped Washington train and discipline troops at Valley Forge

18. Winter at Valley Forge
Fighting stopped during the winter months of
Temperatures were anywhere from 6-12 degrees F
Washington’s army camped in southeast Pennsylvania
Lacked EVERYTHING!
One quarter died from malnutrition or disease
Showed amazing endurance
stayed for love of country
respected Washington too much to desert
Sorry guys…my bad!
I want my mommie!
This sucks.

19. The Battle of Yorktown, October 1781
British General Cornwallis set up his base camp on Yorktown peninsula
French fleet blocks the bay
British cannot receive supplies or retreat
Washington trapped him by land
Bombarded the Redcoats with cannon fire
With nowhere to go, Cornwallis surrendered
PATRIOTS WIN!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

20. The Treaty of Paris, 1783 Terms of the treaty:
Colonies are independent
British must remove all troops
New boundary from Atlantic to Mississippi
Northern and southern border were Canada and Florida
Loyalist would have rights and property protected
Each side repays its debts
Captured slaves must be returned to owners

21. American Revolution Schoolhouse Rock
American Revolution Crash Course U.S. History