1. Unit 9: WWII

2. Agenda Finish Homefront Stations Japanese-American Internment
African-Americans in WWII
Women in WWII
WWII Propaganda
Japanese-American Internment
Why were Japanese-Americans interned during WWII?
20 min – move on at 11:05

3. Timeline
Review the major events of Japanese-American internment & talk with a partner:
What do you know about Japanese-American internment?
What surprises you about the timeline?

4. Overview Pearl Harbor’s impact on Japanese-Americans
In December of 1941…
More than 119,000 people of Japanese ancestry lived on the west coast
2/3 of them were American citizens

5. Overview After the attack on Pearl Harbor…
Fears of more attacks and anti- Japanese sentiment increased
American propaganda encouraged racist attitudes toward Japanese people

9. Overview Internment Authorized
FDR signed Executive Order #9066 in February of 1942
Empowers the US Army to designate certain areas from which “any or all persons may be excluded”
110,000 Japanese Americans were placed in internment camps

11. Military areas included the western portion of California, Oregon and Washington, and part of Arizona.
Japanese Internment Camp Locations

12. Overview
March 24, 1942
1st Civilian Exclusion Order issued by the army for Bainbridge Island near Seattle
King County had 9,600 Japanese-Americans interned
12,892 from Washington state

14. Bainbridge High School students cut class to bid farewell to classmates. March 1942

15. Seattle Ferry Landing. People crowded into the overhead walkway to watch internees leave.

16. Japanese-Americans near trains during Relocation

20. A second grade classroom in Seattle before and after internment

21. Overview Washington’s internment camp was at the Puyallup Fair
Livestock stalls were converted to barracks

22. Relocation Center, Puyallup

23. Relocation Center, Puyallup

25. Camp Manzanar in California.

26. Housing at Camp Manzanar

29. Unit 9: WWII

31. Why were Japanese-Americans interned during World War II?
Today’s Question
Why were Japanese-Americans interned during World War II?

32. Government Newsreel
Complete the first part of your graphic organizer while you watch.
Created by the US government, 1942 to explain the reasons for & strategies of internment
Why were Japanese-Americans interned during WWII?

33. Discussion What were some of the reasons offered in the newsreel?
How does the newsreel portray internment? Is it positive or negative?
Who do you think the audience is for this newsreel?

34. Primary Sources The Munson Report (Nov.1941)
The Crisis (article, 1942)
Complete “Round Two” of your graphic organizer

35. Discussion
Do you find these documents more/less trustworthy than the government newsreel? Why?
Why is the date of the Munson report important?
Why were Japanese-Americans interned during WWII?

36. Primary Sources Supreme Court Ruling (1944)
Investigation report (1980)
Complete “Round Three” of your graphic organizer

37. Why were Japanese-Americans interned during WWII?
Discussion
Which of these documents do you think has a better explanation of Japanese internment? Why?
Why were Japanese-Americans interned during WWII?

38. Supreme Court Case: Korematsu vs. U.S.
In 1944, Korematsu challenged internment before the Supreme Court.
Knowingly violated Civilian Exclusion Order No. 34 of the U.S. Army.
Arrested and convicted.

39. The Supreme Court had to decide: Was internment constitutional?

40. 5th Amendment
No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

41. The Government’s Argument (pro-internment)
Japanese people could be spies
No way to tell loyal from disloyal
Japanese people were un-American

42. Korematsu’s Argument (anti-internment)
Targeting people of Japanese ancestry was discrimination based on race – against Constitution
Can’t be deprived of life, liberty or property w/o due process

44. DECISION
The Court upheld the order as “protection against espionage and against sabotage”
Necessary to protect the country

45. 40 Years Later…
The U.S. officially apologized for the internment in the 1980s and paid reparations totaling $1.2 billion.
In 1998, President Bill Clinton named Fred Korematsu a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom.