1. Current Human Population Growth and Implications

2. Human Population History

3. Factors Contributing to Population Explosion
Agricultural advances
Advances in medicine
Industrial revolution

4. Reasons for exponential growth of human population
Increased food supply
Improvements in medical and public health and technology
Improvements in sanitation and personal hygiene
Safer water supplies

5. Thomas Malthus
Studied the decline of living conditions in 19th century England
Blamed this decline on:
Too many children
Inability of resources to replenish at levels with increased population
Irresponsibility of lower class
Proposed regulating family size of lower class to limit it to a level they could support

6. Malthus continued
He said “positive checks” like food shortages and disease kept population at appropriate levels
He said population growth was exponential but food production could not keep growing exponentially.
As of today, he was wrong due to GM foods.

7. Current Stats
World Population: 7 billion people U.S. Population: 314 million people Kentucky Population: 4.3 million people Louisville Population: 250,000 people The U.S. is only 5% of the world’s population, but we use ~ 1/3 of the Earth’s natural resources!!!

8. Crude Birth Rate and CDR
CBR= the number of live births per 1000 members of the population in one year.
CDR= the number of deaths per 1000 members of the population in one year.
When calculating population change you must take into account total population size when using CDR and CBR.

9. Population change= (CBR+ immigration) – (CDR + emigration)
Example: If the population is 50,000 and the number of births is 14 per 1000 and the number of deaths is 5 per 1000, what was the population change assuming no net immigration or emigration?
Pop. Change= 14(50) (50)
= 450 added OR 50,450

10. Alarming Facts…
The human population is currently growing at a rate of 260,000 people per day!
Every 3 years, the global environment must support another 285 million people

12. As a result of rapid growth…
1.3 billion people are impoverished
841 million people are chronically malnourished
Supplies of water for irrigation are declining
Nearly half of the Earth’s land mass has been changed by human activity
Ocean fish stocks are depleting
Species are going extinct faster than ever

13. Earth’s Carrying Capacity (2billion-30billion)
Determined by
Food production
Living space
Waste assimilation
Resource availability
Can be expanded through advances in
Agriculture
Industry
Medicine

14. Fertility rates
Replacement level fertility (RLF)= having enough kids to replace yourself
Slightly higher than 2 (2.1) b/c some kids die
Total fertility rate (TFR)= average number of children a woman will have in her lifetime

15. Fertility rates declines Inclines Urbanization- cost more to live
Contraception
Abortion
Education for women
Postponing marriage
Post war- baby booms
Limited women’s rights
Underdeveloped countries

16. Indicators of overall human health:
Life expectancy
Infant mortality rate

17. Other factors that affect population growth
Policies to encourage immigration
Environmental refugees
Religious persecution
Baby boom generation in US
Why are they waiting to retire?
How their retirement will affect the rest of us?

18. Demographic Transition
1) Pre-industrial= little to no growth (African nations) 2) Transitional= rapid growth (Mexico, Pakistan) 3) Industrial= stable growth (China) 4) Post-industrial= zero growth or declining growth (Japan, Russia, Germany)

19. Why are developing countries like India not moving toward Industrial stage?

20. Age Structures

21. Ways to lower population growth:
Provide economic incentives for having fewer children
Empower and educate women
More education means more money for work which mean less children are needed to take care of parents
More education usually means having children later in life which usually means having less children
Family planning including contraceptives, legal abortions
Improve prenatal and infant health care (need less kids if they survive

22. China and India as case studies on family planning
What are the policies on family planning in China? India?
What do you think of these interventions?

23. What do you think?
What is the US’s role (thus the taxpayers role) in other country’s population control?

24. Why should p0pulation growth be controlled/monitored?
Poverty
Droughts
Populations have surpassed the carrying capacity
Political instability
Pestilence
Foreign investors
Resource depletion and habitat destruction