1. FOUNDATIONS OF GOVERNMENT
CHAPTER 1
FOUNDATIONS OF GOVERNMENT

2. LESSON 1: Purposes and Origins of Government
Essential Question:
What are the purposes of government?

3. “Government is not the solution to our problems
“Government is not the solution to our problems. Government is the problem.”
Ronald Reagan
Do you agree with this?
Why do many Americans dislike “the government?”
Could society exist without government?

4. What is Government and Anarchy?
Anarchy is a state without government and laws
Government is an institution through which leaders exercise power to make and enforce laws affecting the people under its control.

5. Functions of Government
1) Providing Leadership 2) Maintaining Order 3) Providing Public Services 4) Providing National Security 5) Providing Economic Security and Economic Assistance .

6. Nation, State, and Country
Sizeable group of people who believe themselves united by common bonds of race, language, custom, or religion.
Example: Kurds in Iraq (do not have their own country)
State – from Greek philosopher Aristotle
A political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized government (also a country)
Example: The United States of America
Sovereignty
Supreme and absolute authority within territorial boundaries

7. Characteristics of a State
What makes the United States (or any other country) “one nation?”
Population
Territory
Government
Sovereignty –

8. Essential Features of a State

9. Origins of the State The Force Theory
The force theory states that one person or a small group took control of an area and forced all within it to submit to that person’s or group’s rule.
The Evolutionary Theory
The evolutionary theory argues that the state evolved naturally out of the early family.(Father Abraham)

10. Origins of the State The Divine Right Theory
The theory of divine right holds that God created the state and that God gives those of royal birth a “divine right” to rule.
The Social Contract Theory
The social contract theory argues that the state arose out of a voluntary act of free people.

11. Comparing Thomas Hobbes and John Locke - Social Contract Theory
Thomas Hobbes and John Locke both believed that people surrendered to the state the power needed to maintain order, but Locke believed that people had the right to break that contract when government failed to preserve the rights of people.

12. LESSON 2: Types of Government
Essential Question:
What principles guide different types of government?

13. Systems of Governments
UNITARY SYSTEM
Gives all key powers to the central government
Examples: Japan, France, and Bolivia
CONFEDERATE SYSTEM
A loose union of independent and sovereign states
Example: early United States; Confederate States of America during Civil War

14. Systems of Governments
FEDERAL SYSTEM
Divides the powers of government between the national and state or provincial government.
Advantage: How it shares power among different levels while still having more centralized power
Disadvantage: Each level of government can make its own laws
The United States has Federal System!!!!

16. Constitutional Governments
A constitution is a plan that provides the rules for government.
Sets out ideals that the people bound by the constitution believe in and share
Establishes the basic structure of government and defines the government’s powers and duties
Provides the supreme law for the country
May be written or unwritten
United States has the oldest written constitution (1787)

17. Constitutional Government
A government in which a constitution has authority to place clearly recognized limits on the powers of those who govern.
LIMITED Governments

18. Types of Governments WHO GOVERNS?
Autocracy: single ruler (power by force or inheritance)
Absolute/totalitarian dictatorship: tries to control all aspects of life (Hitler’s Germany)
Another form of Autocracy is Monarchy
King, Queen or Emperor – exercise supreme powers of government
Absolute Monarchy – complete and unlimited power to rule their people.
King of Saudi Arabia (rare now – common in the ’s)
Constitutional Monarchs – share governmental powers with elected legislatures or just ceremonial leaders

19. Types of Governments WHO GOVERNS?
Oligarchy: small group (power by wealth, force, social position, religion)
Communist countries (China, North Korea)
Democracy: Any system of government in which rule is by the people.
Direct: people actually vote on issues
Representative: people elect reps to decide issues
Key idea is people hold sovereign power.
“Gov’t of the people, by the people, and for the people” Abraham Lincoln

21. Principles of Democracy
Citizen Participation
Regular Free & Fair Elections
Accepting the Results of Elections
The Rule of Law
Majority Rule with Minority Rights
Accountability
Transparency
Limited Government and Bill of Rights
Control of the Abuse of Power
Economic Freedom
Equality
Individual or Human Rights
Independent Judiciary
Competing Political Parties

22. As a society, what can we do to encourage more people to participate in politics and government?

23. LESSON 3: The Role of Government in Economic Systems
Essential Question:
What is the role of government in different types of economic systems?

24. Fundamentals of Economics
Economics is the study of how people and nations use their limited resources to attempt to satisfy wants and needs.
In every society, governments guide economies.
Factors of Production:
Producers, Distributors, Consumers, Labor, Resources, Capital, Entrepreneurs

25. Capitalism 5 Main Characteristics
Private ownership and control of property and economic resources
Free Enterprise
Competition among businesses
Freedom of Choice
The possibility of Profits

26. Origins of Capitalism Gradually developed
People can work for economic gain
Wealth should be used aggressively
Free Market – buyers and sellers are free to make unlimited economic decisions in the marketplace
Competition – plays a key role.
Laissez faire – to let alone .
Government should keep hands off the economy.

27. Mixed Market Economies
Free enterprise combined with support by government agencies in the marketplace.
This is what the American Economy is.
Rooted deeply in idea of individual initiative
Respects right of all persons to own private property
Recognizes freedom to make economics choices is part of the freedom of political choice.

28. Socialism
The government owns the basic means of production, determines the use of their sources, distributes products and provides services.
3 Goals
Distribution of wealth equally among people
Society’s control through its gov’t, of all major decisions about production
Public ownership of most land, factories, and other means of production

29. Democratic Socialism
The Socialists who believed in peaceful changes wanted to work with in the democratic political system to improve economic conditions.
Government owns basic means of production and makes most democratic decisions
Tanzania, Denmark, Norway & Sweden

30. Communism Economic system.
Believes in collective (group) ownership and a planned economy.
The theory is that everybody pools their resources and labor to evenly distribute everything.
Karl Marx is “the” communist:. published his ideas in a pamphlet – “The Communist Manifesto”

32. Take out a sheet of paper
What would the country be like without a government?
Choose one of the following methods to answer the question….
Write a summary
Brainstorm a list
Draw a picture