1. Daily Warm-up March 6th
What are the two reproductive cycles of viruses?
HW:
-Read 20.2, study for quiz tomorrow, test corrections
Turn in:
-Nothing

2. Prokaryotes

3. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes….
No nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles
Small
Unicellular
Eukaryotes
Larger
Nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

4. Two Domains of Bacteria
1. Archaea
Extremists
High heat or high salt locations

5. 2. Eubacteria Heterotrophs – get food from other organisms
Autotrophs – Make their own food - photosynthesis
Chemosynthetic Autotrophs – Convert chemicals from atmosphere and soil into food
Eubacteria and Archaea are very different. Differences in cell wall composition, different RNA

6. Bacterial Structure?
Capsule – sticky layer outside the cell wall (not all have this)
Cell wall – supports and protects
Plasma membrane – regulates what enters and leaves the bacterium
Chromosome – one central loop of DNA (NOT a nucleus)
Plasmids – small circular DNA segments
Pili

7. Shapes:
Bacillus Coccus Spirillium
(Rod-shaped) (spherical) (spiral)

9. GROUPINGS
DIPLO
(TWO)
STREP
(CHAIN)
STAPH
(CLUSTER)

11. Movement Not all bacteria move but if they do they usually use
Flagella
Slime

12. Gram Stain
Gram + Bacteria: turn purple (killed by antibiotic penicillin-attacks the cell wall)
–Ex. Strep throat
Gram – Bacteria: turn pink (killed by antibiotic tetracycline-doesn’t attack the cell wall)
- Ex. E. Coli
Antibiotics are drugs used to fight bacterial disease

15. Continuous loop of DNA Plasmids 1 µm Fig. 27-8
Figure 27.8 A prokaryotic chromosome and plasmids
The typical prokaryotic genome is a ring of DNA that is not surrounded by a membrane and that is located in a nucleoid region
1 µm

16. Importance of Bacteria
They change “FIX” NITROGEN from the air so organisms can use it
Recycle nutrients (oxygen)
Food: swiss cheese, pickles, yogurt, vinegar, sauerkraut
E. Coli live in our intestines and help digest food
Some antibiotics are made by bacteria

17. Bacteria can cause disease
Strep throat
Tuberculosis
Tetanus
Lyme Disease
Dental cavities
Diphtheria – from contaminated water
The Bubonic Plague – transmitted from fleas
STDs such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis
Food Poisoning (E.Coli)

18. Reproduction Binary fission- one cell into two identical cells
Conjugation- exchange of genetic material

19. What are the two types of prokaryotes?
What are some ways that bacteria affect our lives?
What shape is a bacterium if it is a coccus?
Gram staining is important because?