1. Chapter 4-3 Warm - Up
1. How are periods and groups organized in the periodic table?
2. What is the difference between an anion and cation?
3. What is the atomic mass, # of protons, neutrons, and electrons in Boron?
4. What is an isotope?

2. Chapter 4-3 Atoms and the Periodic Table
Families of Elements

3. Three Groups of Elements
1st Group:
Metals – Shiny and conducts heat and electricity

4. Three Groups of Elements
2nd Group:
Nonmetals – Elements that don’t conduct heat or electricity

5. Three Groups of Elements
3rd Group:
Semiconductors – Element or compound that conducts heat and electricity but not as well as a metal

6. Properties of Metals Conductor - heat and electricity
Solid at room temperature (except Mercury Hg).
Luster – Reflect light
Malleable - hammered / rolled into sheets.
Ductile - drawn into wires

7. Alkali Metals

8. Alkali Metals

9. Alkali Metals Most reactive Softer than other metals
Don’t occur in nature
Salt NaCl
1 electron in its outer energy level (Group 1)

10. Alkaline Earth Metals

11. Alkaline Earth Metals

12. Alkaline Earth Metals 2 electrons in its outer energy level (Group 2)
Magnesium – fireworks, ladders, planes, bats
Calcium – strong bones
Radium – treats cancer

13. Transition Elements

14. Transition Elements Group 3 -12 Less reactive Found as free metals
Commonly found in nature

15. Synthetic Elements Man Made Radioactive – Nuclei decaying
Elements greater than 92
Used in medicine, smoke detectors, and weapons

16. Nonmetals Oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur Plentiful on Earth
Found on right side of table

17. Halogens

18. Halogens Group 17 Very reactive
Seven valence electrons – 1 to complete

19. Uses of Halogens Chlorine compounds are used to disinfect water
Bromine compounds are used as dyes in cosmetics
Iodine – hormone production
When heated, iodine changes directly to a purple vapor (sublimation)

20. Noble Gases

21. Noble Gases Un-reactive - outermost energy levels are full
Exists as a single atom instead of a molecule
Group 18

22. Noble Gases
Group 18
Helium - light weight makes it useful in hot air balloons
Neon and argon - used in “neon lights” for advertising

23. Semiconductors 6 elements
Semiconductors - Can conduct electricity better than most nonmetals, but not as well as some metals
Silicon – used in computer chips