1. CASTLES IN THE MIDDLE AGES
Key Question: How and why did the design of castles change in the Middle Ages?

2. Motte and Bailey
W H Y ?
Used by the Normans after the Battle of Hastings.
Quick and easy to build – William needed to control England.
Could be attacked and burned easily. Many went rotten.

3. Shell Keep Replaced the wooden fence around the Bailey with stone.
Stronger and safer - would not burn or rot away.
Houses inside could be hit by rocks thrown over the walls.

4. Stone Keep Provided a place to shelter from attack that had a roof.
Living space and defences were combined in one building.
Keeps were a strong last line of defence when in retreat.
They were still not completely safe – only one building.

5. Concentric Castles Built by Edward I after he had conquered Wales.
Planned to give brilliant defence from all angles.
Two walls – in case one was climbed by the enemy.
An enormous gatehouse defended the entrance.
Sneaky attackers could get inside but not very often!!

6. How were these devices used to attack a castle?
Siege Strategies
Battering Ram
Mangonel
Scaling Tower
Mining
How were these devices used to attack a castle?

7. How many methods of defence can you see?
Defence strategies
How many methods of defence can you see?
* Drawbridge
* Portcullis
* Moat
* Gate house
* Embrasures
* Defence platform

8. What would life have been like living inside a stone keep?

9. In summary…….. From this………… To this…………..
In just over 200 years….………… …………..WHY???