1. Warm up Electoral College Ratification Federalists Antifederalists
The Federalists Papers
Publius Valerius Publicola
Bill of Rights
Veto

2. Today
Constitution- Review
Federalists vs Anti-Federalists

3. Parts of the Constitution
Preamble:
Introduction
Authority of government comes from the people
~To Form A More Perfect Union
~To Establish Justice
~To Insure Domestic Tranquility
~To Provide For The Common Defense
~To Promote The General Welfare
~To Secure The Blessings of Liberty to Ourselves And Our Posterity

4. 7 Articles of Constitution
Article I L = Legislative
Article II E = Executive
Article III J = Judicial
Article IV S = States
Article V A = Amendments
Article VI S = Supremacy Clause
Article VII R = Ratification

5. Article I: Creates Legislative branch Creates Congress
HoR: Representation by population
Senate: 2 Senators from each state
Makes the Laws
HoR- 435 Senate- 100

6. Article II: Creates Executive branch
Establishes how President is elected
And how they are removed from office
Powers & duties of the President
Enforce and administrate laws of the country.

7. Article III Creates Judicial branch
Establishes the Supreme Court, other Federal Courts
Lists powers of the courts and cases they can hear
Allows Congress to create lower courts (Judiciary Act)

8. Legislative Branch: makes laws
Executive Branch: executes & enforces laws
Judicial Branch: interprets laws and the Constitution

9. Article IV
Relations amongst the State & federal govt
Article V
Amendment Process
How the Constitution can be amended or changed.
Article VI
National Supremacy
All laws, treaties made and passed by Congress or within the Constitution shall be “SUPREME LAW of Land.”
Article VII
Ratification
The Constitution of the US shall go into effect after 9 out of the 13 states Ratified it.

10. Federalists and Anti-Federalists
Federalists: wanted a strong central govt and supported the new Constitution
Anti-Federalists: wanted weak central govt, strong states and opposed the new Constitution
Federalists: George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, tended to be wealthy and well educated
Anti-Federalists: John Hancock, George Mason, George Clinton, tended to be farmers

11. Federalists: strong govt was needed to maintain order and protect private property
Anti-Federalists: weak government was needed to avoid the kind of violation of rights experienced under British rule

12. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists
Supporters of Constitution
Bankers and Merchants
Wanted a strong national government and a strong executive branch
Wrote “Federalists Papers” to convince people to support the new constitution
Most of these papers were written by Alexander Hamilton.
Opposed the Constitution
Farmers, rural people
Wanted strong state governments and a weaker national government
Insisted on a Bill of Rights to protect the people’s right against the federal government

13. Why were the Federalists successful?
The Federalist Papers: series of persuasive essays in favor of the new Constitution written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay
Federalists were wealthy and well organized
Ant-Federalists were poorly organized and didn’t offer a method of correcting the problems found in AOC
Federalists won the necessary nine states for ratification June 1788
to convince people to support the new constitution

14. What did Federalists have to promise to provide Anti- Federalists in order to get the Constitution ratified?
A Bill of Rights (the first ten amendments to the Constitution)
The first Congress submitted the first ten amendments to the states for ratification in 1789; ratified in 1791
Listed things that the federal government could not do

15. Amendment 1: protects the rights of freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly & petition Amendment 2: protects the right to bear arms Amendment 3: the people cannot be required to quarter troops during peace time Amendment 4: protection from illegal search & seizure Amendment 5: protects the rights of people accused of crimes Amendment 6: protects the right to a speedy trial Amendment 7: protects the right to trial by jury in civil cases Amendment 8: protection against cruel & unusual punishment Amendment 9: people have more rights than those listed in the Bill of Rights Amendment 10: the federal government has only the powers listed in the Constitution; all other powers belong to the states

16. Amending the Constitution
Federal Govt:
Proposal: 2/3 of both the House of Representatives
and Senate must approve
Ratification: ¾ of the 50 state legislatures must
approve
State Govt:
Proposal: 2/3 of the 50 state legislatures must agree
Ratification: ¾ of the 50 states must approve by
ratifying convention
Allows the Constitution to be revised to adapt to change)

17. George Washington Sets examples for every president after him
Created a cabinet that acted as the head of the newly created executive departments
Jefferson: Secretary of State
Alexander Hamilton: Secretary of Treasury
Henry Knox: Secretary of War
Edmund Randolph: Attorney General
Established the President as the head of foreign affairs
Established the President’s influence over congress
group of advisors & assistants. Set a precedent (example) by serving only two terms as president

18. Interpreting the Constitution
Constitution was designed to be a very general document that can be changed as times change
The Necessary and Proper Clause
“implied powers”
Powers not listed in the Constitution, but are needed to run the country.
Ex. Regulating the internet

19. Principles of the Constitution
Popular Sovereignty
Citizens decide who will represent them in government
Rule by the people
Rule of Law
Laws apply to everyone equally, even to members of the government
Separation of Powers
Division of power so that no part can become too powerful
Three branches of government
Checks and Balances
Limits the powers of the three branches by having each “check” the other
Federalism
Sharing of power between the State and Federal government