1. Agenda Thurs 9/8; Fri 9/9 Journal Entry #9 Parts of the Constitution
Basic Principles
The Articles
The Amendments
HW: Constitution Search

2. Journal Entry #9
If you had to live inside a T.V. show for a week, what would it be? Why?

3. Review

4. The Constitution
“We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America”

5. PARTS
PREAMBLE: Introduction to the Constitution; it lists the six basic principles for our government
ARTICLES: The articles laying out the framework for our government (seven)
AMENDMENTS: Changes made to the Constitution after the initial ratification

6. Basic Principles
These six principles are the ideas and standards that our government is based on and functions according to.
Popular Sovereignty
Limited Government
Separation of Powers
Checks and Balances
Judicial Review
Federalism
With these in mind, why did the framers include the Preamble in the Constitution?

7. Popular Sovereignty People are the ONLY source of government’s power
“We the People…do ordain and establish”
Government’s power comes from the people, and the people have given government permission to govern by the constitution

8. Checks and Balances
Checks and balances is a way for the government to give each branch power over the other two
The idea is to keep one branch from becoming more powerful than the others and controlling government
Why would the framers want to ensure one branch did not become too powerful?

9. Limited Government When did the idea of Limited Government begin?
The idea that government is not all powerful and can be limited
Government can do only those things the PEOPLE have given it the power to do
States that government must obey the law
The entire Constitution is a statement of Limited Government
When did the idea of Limited Government begin?

10. Judicial Review
Has the power of the courts to determine whether what government does is in compliance with what the Constitution says
Basically, if a case is brought to the courts questioning a law or some other government action, the court must look at the law and determine if it violates the Constitution
If it does, the courts declare it unconstitutional, and the law or action is thrown out and no longer in effect (Null and Void)

11. The Articles
There are 7 articles in the second section of the Constitution, each accomplishing different things
Article 1: The legislative article lays out the structure and powers of the legislative branch
Article 2: The executive article lays out the structure and powers of the executive branch
Article 3: The judicial article establishes a national judiciary and gives Congress the power to create additional court systems
Article 4: Deals with the relationships between states
Article 5: Provides methods for amending the Constitution
Article 6: Deals with the National Debt
Article 7: Provides provisions for ratification of the Constitution

12. Amending the Constitution
Article V provided four methods to amend the Constitution
An amendment is a change to the Constitution or clarification of something in the Constitution

13. Amendments, continued
There is no time limit for ratification of an amendment once it is proposed
Congress may set a time limit if they so choose
Example: The 27th amendment was proposed in 1789 as part of the Bill of Rights, however it was not ratified until 1992, 203 years later!!!
26 of the 27 amendments have been added through method 1
The 21st amendment was added through method 2 in 1933
This 21st amendment is the only amendment that cancels out another
It repealed the 18th amendment, which outlawed the sale and consumption of alcohol

14. Amendments, continued
The amendments are divided into three groups (click the group below to see the amendments in each group)
BILL OF RIGHTS – Amendments 1 through 10
CIVIL WAR AMENDMENTS – Amendments 13 through 15
LATER AMENDMENTS – Amendments 16 through 27
(Amendments 11 and 12 are generally considered to be an extension of the Bill of Rights, and therefore not included in any of the three groups)

15. Party Practices
The Constitution makes no mention of political parties, yet they have changed the way politics are handled in this country for as long as the country has been around.
Ex. The Constitution makes no mention of how candidates would be chosen to run for President, yet parties have been nominating candidates since the 1796 election.

16. Bill of Rights
The purpose of the Bill of Rights was to list out the basic rights of all Americans so these rights could not be violated as they were in the years of British rule under King George III
Amendment 1: Freedom of Speech, Press, Religion, Assembly, and Petition
Amendment 2: The right to bear arms
Amendment 3: Protects against the Quartering of Troops
Amendment 4: Protects against illegal search and seizure of personal property
Amendment 5: Insures due process, protects against eminent domain, provides rules for criminal hearings, and protects against self-incrimination
Amendment 6: Right to a speedy and public trial and right to trial by jury
Amendment 7: Provides stipulations for civil trials
Amendment 8: Protects against excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment
Amendment 9: States that the rights listed in the Constitution are not all the rights given to the American people
Amendment 10: States that all powers not granted to the National government or forbidden to the states, belong to the states
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17. Civil War Amendments
The Civil War Amendments were passed as a direct response to the outcome of The Civil war. They all deal with slavery in one way or another.
13th Amendment – Outlawed slavery and Involuntary servitude in the United States of America
14th Amendment – Helped make former slaves citizens of the U.S. and gave them all the rights that being a citizen entails
15th Amendment – Written to give former slaves the right to vote, however was not entirely successful in doing so for nearly 100 years
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18. Later amendments
The later amendments include all those passed since the 3 civil war amendments
16th Amendment – Income Tax
17th Amendment – Popular Election of Senators
18th Amendment – Prohibition of Alcohol
19th amendment – Voting rights for women
20th Amendment – Set dates/times for end of terms, sets conditions in case of the death of a President-elect
21st Amendment – Repeal of the 18th amendment (prohibition)
22nd amendment – Set limit at two terms maximum for a president
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19. HW: Constitution Search
Using the Chromebooks go to the link on your paper
Research and read the information about the Constitution and answer the questions
DUE: Monday 9/12

20. Review What are the three parts of the Constitution.
The ________ lists the six basic principles.
According to popular sovereignty, who is the source of government’s power?
Judicial Review gives the courts power to?
Why do we have checks and balances?
How can we amend the Constitution? Which one has been used most often?
Which amendments are included in the Bill of Rights? The Civil War Amendments? The Later Amendments?
Give an example of the President informally changing the Constitution through executive action
Give an example of an informal change through custom