1. The Constitution: Federalists v. Anti-Federalists

2. Today’s Government Bell Ringer
Directions: Number your paper from 1 to 5 and write the words and their correct definitions.
Words
1. controversy
2. right
3. anonymously
4. Federalist
5. Anti-federalist
Definitions
something you have that no one can take from you
a person who did not support the Constitution
a person who supported the Constitution
to do something without giving your name
argument

3. III. Ratifying the Constitution
Reaction to the New Constitution
Newspapers published the new Constitution for the American people to read
Many were shocked at the changes because the delegates said they were meeting only to revise the Articles of Confederation
People began to take sides:
Federalists: people who wanted to ratify the new Constitution
Antifederalists: people who did not want to ratify the new Constitution

4. III. Ratifying the Constitution
Controversy over the Constitution
Opponents argued that the Constitution did not protect individual rights, and that a bill of rights was needed to protect freedom of speech, religion, and the press
Supporters argued that the Constitution limited the power of the national government and that a bill of rights was not necessary

5. III. Ratifying the Constitution
The Federalist Papers
A series of 85 essays written to defend the Constitution
Published in New York newspapers between 1787 and 1788
Written anonymously by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay
Analyzed and explained the Constitution

6. III. Ratifying the Constitution
Federalists
Favored ratification of the Constitution
Wanted a strong national government
George Washington, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton
Bill of rights was not necessary
Mostly urban; merchants, skilled workers, and laborers
New England
Antifederalists
Opposed ratification of the Constitution
Wanted a weak national government that would not threaten states’ rights
Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, and Thomas Jefferson
Wanted a Bill of Rights
Mostly rural; farmers, planters
Southern states

7. III. Ratifying the Constitution
Ratification
Eventually, the Federalists agreed to add a bill of rights to the Constitution if the states would ratify the Constitution
In December, 1787, Delaware became the first state to ratify the Constitution
In June, 1788, New Hampshire became the 9th to approve the Constitution

8. III. Ratifying the Constitution
Adoption of the Bill of Rights
In September, 1789, Congress submitted 12 amendments to the states for ratification
By December, 1791, the states had ratified 10 of the Amendments, which came to be known as the Bill of Rights

9. III. Ratifying the Constitution
The Bill of Rights
Freedom of speech, religion, petition, the press, and assembly
The right to bear arms
No soldiers quartered in peoples’ homes
Protection against unreasonable searches and seizures
Right to due process, protection against self-incrimination, no double jeopardy, indictment by grand jury, and eminent domain

10. III. Ratifying the Constitution
The Bill of Rights
Right to a speedy trial, right to counsel, informed of the accusation (charges), right to confront accusers, and subpoena witness on your behalf
Right to jury trial in civil matters that exceed $20 (so in this day and age- all civil cases)
No excessive bail or fines/ no cruel or unusual punishment
Rights kept by the people- Protects rights not enumerated in the Constitution
States’ rights-  the federal government possesses only those powers delegated to it by the states or the people through the Constitution