1. Connective Tissue Overview

2. Bell Ringer:
Name 2 types of epithelial tissue and their function.

3. Connective Tissue Found everywhere in the body
Includes the most abundant and widely distributed tissues
Functions
Binds body tissues together
Supports the body
Provides protection
Insulates to maintain body temperature
Transportation of other molecules

4. Special Characteristics
1. common origin- all arise from embryonic tissue (mesenchyme)
2. Degrees of vascularity- cartilage is avascular while other types have rich blood supply
3. Extracellular matrix- connective tissue more able to bear weight, withstand tension, and endure abuses because unlike other tissues it is not made up mostly of cells.
Most abundant tissue in body

5. Structural Characteristics
3 Main Elements
Ground Substance: unstructured material that fills the space between the cells and contains the fibers. This is consists mostly of fluid and proteins.
Fibers: provide support.
3 types: collagen, elastic and reticular fibers.
Collagen fibers: protein. Extremely tough and provide high tensile strength. (white)
Elastic fibers: long and thin that form branches. Elastin protein. Moves like a rubber band. (yellow) Found in skin, lungs, blood vessels.
Reticular Fibers: very fine fibers that branch extensively. Surround small blood vessels and support tissue of organs.

6. Structural Characteristics Cont.
Cells- composed of many types
1. Blast Cells: undifferentiated cells
-fibroblast
- chondroblast
-osteoblast
-hematopoietic stem cells
2. Fat Cells- nutrient storage
3. Blood cells- defense
4. Plasma Cells-produce antibodies
5. Macrophages- dispose of dead tissue cells and act in immune response

7. Types of Connective Tissue

8. Types of Connective Tissue

9. Types of Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue Proper
Loose (Areolar) Connective Tissue
Adipose Tissue
Dense Connective Tissue

10. Loose Connective Tissue
Fibers not abundant
Extensive blood supply
Examples of locations
Between skin and muscles
Around digestive tract
Around blood vessels
“Packing material” of body

11. Adipose Tissue Still loose connective tissue
Most of the volume is adipocytes
Provides padding, slows heat loss, food reserve
Locations
Common under skin of
sides, gluteal, and
mammary regions
Wherever there is loose
connective tissue

12. Adipose Tissue FG03_13B.JPG Title: Loose Connective Tissues
Notes: This is the packing material of the body, filling spaces between other structures. (a)Loose connective tissue. (b)Adipose tissue. (c)Reticular tissue.
Keywords: loose connective tissue, adipose tissue, reticular tissue, collagen fibers, mast cell, fibroblast, macrophage, elastic fiber, adipocytes, reticular fibers

13. Dense Connective Tissue
Lots of collagen fibers
Examples
Tendons (muscle  bone)
Ligaments (bone  bone)
Some has elastic fibers

14. Supportive Connective Tissue: Cartilage & Bone
Dense network of collagenous fibers & elastic fibers in a gel-like substance
Avascular…repair capabilities limited
Cells –
chondrocytes in lacunae
chondroblasts
Perichondrium – surrounds surface of cartilage

15. Hyaline Cartilage Most common Provides flexibility and support
Locations
Ends of bones larynx
Trachea, embryonic skeleton
Connecting ribs to sternum

16. Fibrocartilage Visible collagenous fibers with scattered chondrocytes
Provides strength and rigidity
Locations
Intervertebral discs
Symphysis pubis

17. Elastic Cartilage Resilient and flexible
External ear(pinna)
Epiglottis
Auditory tube
Tolerates distortion without damage

18. Supportive Connective Tissue: Cartilage & Bone
Bone (aka osseous tissue)
Solid matrix (solid Ca cpds)
Cells –
Osteocytes in lacunae
Osteoblasts
Periosteum surrounds surface of bone

19. Bone FG03_17.JPG Title: Bone
Notes: Bone is a supporting connective tissue with a hardened matrix. The cells in bone (osteocytes) are usually organized in groups around a central space that contains blood vessels.
Keywords: bone, osteocytes, compact bone, canaliculi, central canal, lacunae, matrix, periosteum, fibrous, celluar, concentric lamellae

20. Table 4.3

21. Fluid Connective Tissue: Blood
Functions
Transport medium
Regulation
Protection
Composition
Plasma – fluid
Formed elements – cells & cell fragments
Red blood cell
White blood cell
Platelets (important in clotting)

22. Red Blood Cells FG20_02D.JPG Title: Anatomy of Red Blood Cells
Notes: (a)Standard red blood smear. (b)Rouleaux formation as red blood cells travel through a capillary. (c)SEM of red blood cells; 3-dimensional structure. (d)Sectional view of red blood cell.
Keywords: red blood cell, rouleaux, capillary, sectional view

23. A White Blood Cell FG20_05A.JPG Title: White Blood Cells
Notes: Comparison of leukocytes as seen in blood smears. (a)Neutrophil. (b)Eosinophil. (c)Basophil. (d)Monocyte. (e)Lymphocyte. Platelets are visible in part (e) as small cellular fragments between the RBC's.
Keywords: white blood cells, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, red blood cell, platelet