1. Tissues

3. Four types of tissues

5. Epithelial Tissue
General Characteristics: - Found throughout the body, covers all body surfaces both inside and out - Main glandular tissue (produce hormones) - Attached to underlying connective tissue by non-cellular non-living basement membrane - No vascular tissue (blood supply) - Cells reproduce rapidly (rapid healing) - Cells tightly packed together

6. Epithelial Tissue Protection from physical & chemical injury
Protection from microbial invasion
Contains receptors which respond to stimuli
Filters, secretes and reabsorbs materials
Secretes fluids to lubricate structures

7. Epithelial Tissue Types Simple = one layer
Stratified = 2 or more layers
Squamous = tile shaped
Cuboidal = cube shaped
Columnar = column shaped

8. Epithelial Tissue
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS - single layer (simple) of very thin, flattened cells (squamous). Function: diffusion and filtration. Found in air sacs of lungs, walls of capillaries.

9. Epithelial Tissue
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL - single layer, cube-shaped cells. Function: Secretion and absorption. Found: Lining of kidney tubules, ducts of glands, covering surface of ovaries

10. Epithelial Tissue
SIMPLE COLUMNAR - single layer, elongated cells. Protection, secretion, absorption. Found in the lining of digestive tract. - some columnar cells (involved in absorption) have tiny finger-like processes from their free surface called microvilli (increases surface area)

11. Epithelial Tissue
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS - multi-layered, squamous cells. Functions in protection. Found lining body cavities like the mouth and outer layer of skin

12. Epithelial Tissue
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR - appear "stratified" but really a single layer with nuclei at various levels giving the appearance of layered cells. Usually ciliated (tiny, hair-like projections for sweeping materials along a surface). Function is secretion and cilia-aided movement - Location: lining air passages like the trachea and tubes of the reproductive system

13. Epithelial Tissue
TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM - thick, layered cuboidal cells. "Stretchable" tissue, also forms barrier to block diffusion. Found: lining of urinary bladder.

14. Connective Tissue
General Characteristics: -Most abundant tissue in your body, found throughout -Binds structures together -Provides support, protection, insulation, framework, fills space, stores fat, produces blood cells, fights infection, and helps repair tissue. -Composed of scattered cells with abundant intercellular non-living material (matrix) -Made up of a ground substance (fluid, semi-solid) and fibers -Most has a good blood supply -Cells can reproduce

16. Connective Tissue
Types
Bone
Cartilage
Dense
Loose
Blood

17. Connective Tissue Bone Support, protection, movement
Mineral and fat storage
Blood cell production

18. Connective Tissue Cartilage Firm but flexible 3 Types
Hyaline – rubbery matrix, absorbs compression
2. Fibrocartilage – discs between vertebrae
3. Elastic – very flexible (ex. ear)

19. Connective Tissue
Dense Connective Tissue – abundance of collagen fibers
Tendons – connect muscle to bone
Ligaments – connect bone to bone
Fibroblasts – connective tissue cells that produce collagen

20. Connective Tissue Loose Connective Tissue – softer, less fibrous
Areolar – holds organs in place
Adipose – fat
Reticular – forms scaffolding for lymph nodes

22. Connective Tissue
Blood – transport substances
Matrix = plasma

23. Muscle Tissue General Characteristics
- Elongated cells that can shorten to cause movement

24. Muscle Tissue
3 Types
Skeletal – muscles attached to bones, voluntary movement
Smooth – muscle that surround organs, involuntary
Cardiac – heart muscle, involuntary

25. Nervous Tissue General Characteristics
- Composed of neurons which transmit signals and neuroglial cells which support neurons