1. Chapter 14 Urban and Regional Economics
This Chapter examines factors influencing the national demand for real estate and those factors which determine the location of cities. The growth and decline of regions and cities as determined by the location of people as well as the reasons why people live where they do and their tendency to cluster in urban areas are examined. The geographic form of a city and the life cycle of a neighborhood are of particular interest.

2. Economic Factors Influencing the Growth and Decline of Cities:
Community growth factors - What causes cities/regions to grow?---Comparative advantage
Transportation facilities
Education facilities
Factors of the created environment
Natural resources
Climate
Labor force
Leadership

3. Economic Base:
Export activities
Population-serving activities

4. Location of People:
People live where economic activity exists

6. Analyzing Local Real Estate Demand:
Analysis of short-run demand
Analysis of long-run demand

7. Models of Urban Growth Patterns:
Concentric-circle growth (Fig. 3.1)
Axial growth (fig. 3.2)
Sector growth (Fig. 3.3)
Multiple-nuclei growth (Fig 3.4)

12. The Importance of Public Facilities in the Growth Process:
Transportation (Fig. 3.5)
Water and sewer (Fig. 3.6 & 3.7)

13. Urban Form: A Synthesis:
Commercial Growth
Tends to occur near transportation nodes
Commercial subcenters have been created by transportation improvements.
Industrial Growth
Tends to occur along major highways & railroads
Most new plants are located at the periphery of an urban area
Many new facilities are located in industrial parks, where transportation and other necessary public facilities are available.

14. Residential Growth (cont..)
Influenced by the location of public facilities.
Commuting access id important.

15. The Dynamics of Neighborhood Change:
What is a neighborhood?
Neighborhood change life cycle
Gestation, youth and maturity
Incipient decline
Clear decline
Accelerating decline and abandonment.
Neighborhood stabilization and rehabilitation.

16. Neighborhood Impacts
Filtering
Gentrification
The first people who attempt to renovate deteriorated dwellings usually are young, middle income individuals or families who can’t afford more affluent neighborhoods. These “pioneers” want to live in town and are willing to spend the time and energy necessary to rebuild a neighborhood.