1. Community and Environmentally sustainable development
Masyarakat dan lingkungan hidup berkelanjutan
Community and Environmentally sustainable development

2. Environmentally sustainable society means:
Satisfies the basic needs of its people without depleting or degrading its natural resources thereby preventing current and future generations of humans and other species from meeting their basic needs.

3. Basic needs of society:
All forms of life must have enough food, survive and healthy
Clean air, water and shelter
Additional needs for humans
-Enough income to meet basic needs
-Respectable and safe work
-Health care, recreation, and cultural
opportunities
-Education
-Freedom from physical danger

4. Controversies of environmental worldviews :
Environmentalists and scientists believe that we are living unsustainably by depleting and degrading the earth’s natural capital at accelerating rate as our population
Demands on the earth’s resources and life sustaining processes increase exponentially
One-third of natural capital has lost between because of a combination of exponential growth in population and the use of the earth’s natural resources (WWF, the New Economic Foundation, and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre)
Other analysts do not believe that we are living unsustainably, they contend that environmentalists have exaggerated the seriousness of population and environmental problems
Any population, resources and environmental problems can be overcome by human ingenuity and technological advances

5. Many ideas of environmental worldview are incorporated in the concept of environmentally sustainable economic development
Economic grow
There is an economic grow* between and 2000: the global output goods and services increased from $2.3 trillion to $42 trillion and is projected to triple by 2050
This economic growth has allowed billions people to live longer coupled with population growth which led to environmental problems
*economic grow: an increase the capacity to provide goods and services for people

6. Shifting from Economic growth to environmentally sustainable economic development :
Encourages environmentally sustainable forms of economic growth that meet the basic needs of the currents and future generations of humans and other species
Discourages environmentally harmful and unsustainable forms of economic growth

7. Using environmentally sustainable economic development as the basis for developing environmentally sustainable society
requires governments, businesses, and individuals to integrate social, economic and environmental goals and policies

8. Sustaining Resources for sustainable economic development -Sustaining species -Sustaining terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity -Sustaining Cities

9. Sustaining wild species

10. The earth’s 17 most biodiversity countries
Indonesia (1.3% land surface of the world) is the second richest country in biodiversity, 16 % of world’s species

11. Sustaining terrestrial biodiversity: the ecosystems approach
Managing and sustaining forests
Reduce tropical deforestation and degradation
Managing and sustaining national parks
Establishing, designing, managing nature reserves
Ecological restoration (Rehabilitation and restoration of damaged ecosystems)
Reduce tropical deforestation and degradation :
Reduce the need to harvest trees (improve the efficiency of wood use, increase paper recycling, use fiber that does not come from trees to make paper,
Reduce the poverty that leads the poor to use forest unsustainably
Phase out government subsidies to sustainable forestry and biodiversity protection
Encourage government to protect large areas of tropical forest

12. Managing and sustaining forests
Conventional short rotation
Enhance sustainability of forests
Selective cutting
Shelterwood cutting
Seed-tree cutting
Clear-cutting
Strip cutting

13. Developing Biosphere Reserve

14. Sustaining aquatic biodiversity
Protecting endangered and threatened species
Establishing protected areas
Using integrated coastal management
Regulating and preventing ocean pollution
Sustainably managing marine fisheries

15. Sustaining Cities: Urban land use and management
Major spatial patterns
of urban development
Jakarta close to
concentric circle model

16. Urban development To prevent and control urban growth and sprawl, smart growth tools are used

17. Shifting the use of non-renewable to renewable energy
Fossil fuel energy
Non fossil fuel energy
(hydroelectric , nuclear, geothermal, solar, tide, wind, biodiesel, biogas, biokerosene, bioethanol)

18. environmentally sustainable economic development

19. Economics, environment, and sustainability
The economic system

20. Ecological view of economic activity
All economics as human subsystem that depends on resources and services provided by sun and natural resources
A consumers society devoted to economic growth to satisfy ever-expanding wants assumes that technological cleverness will allow to find substitutes to overcome any limits on resources and ways to keep pollution and environmental degradation at acceptable levels
To ecological economists, such a society is eventually unsustainable because of its depletion and degradation of natural resources

21. Ecological economic : unsustainable economic growth and environmentally sustainable economic development

22. All economics goods & services have both external and internal costs

23. Internal costs
Full costs pricing (internalization the external costs): to include all cost of goods and services in the market price

24. External costs For example in making cars, the external costs :
Depletes nonrenewable energy & mineral resources
Produces solid and hazardous wastes
Disturb land
Pollutes air & water
Contributes to global climate change
Reduces biodiversity
are not included in the market price
Everyone in certain society needs to pay hidden costs sooner or later
in the form:
Poor health
Higher cost for health care and insurance
Higher taxes for pollution control (for example gasoline market price)

25. Cost to control pollution

26. How to improve environmental quality
A. Making the transition to environmentally sustainable economic:
Using regulation
Reward
Punishment
Pollution standards
Regulate harmful
activities
Ban the release of toxic
chemicals into environment
Require protection for
irreplaceable or slowly
replenished resources
government
subsidies
Tax breaks
Using green taxes or
effluent fees
Charging user fees
Requires businesses to post
a pollution prevention or
assurance
B. Environmental management (Fig )
C. Reducing poverty (increasing global economy)

27. Environmental management

28. Politics, environment, and sustainability
Politics and environment policy
Developing and influencing environmental policy (precautionary, preventing, integrative, ecological design, environmental justice principle
Environmental law
Global environment policy

30. Extra file
Fact: Water disaster