1. Mutations -Mutations are permanent changes in the sequence of DNA
-Types:
-incorrectly matched:
A bonded to C rather
than to T
-Inserting, deleting, or
substituting a base
pair

2. Mutations -Mutations change the codons that are read by a ribosome
-Mutations can improve the product coded by the gene, but usually do not.

3. Mutations
-Mutations that occur in somatic, or non-reproductive, cells are often not detected because they cannot be passed on to offspring
-They may cause cancer or other undesirable cellular changes.

4. Mutations
-Mutations in the reproductive cells can produce functionally different proteins that cause genetic diseases such as Tay-Sachs, sickle cell anemia, dwarfism, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

5. Mutations -Causes of mutations include:
-DNA damage from environmental agents
such as ultraviolet light (sunshine),
nuclear radiation or certain chemicals
-Mistakes that occur when a cell copies
its DNA in preparation for cell division.

6. Lost in Translation!
Write down the original and new sequence of proteins with mutations.
Original: AUG GUG AUA CUC UUU UAA
Mutated: AUG GUG ACA CUC UUU UAA
Original: AUG GGG AGA CGC UGU UGA
Mutated: AUG GGG AGA CGC UGA UGC