1. Using Fluorescence X-rays for Non-invasive Biopsy
Advisors:
Dr. Frank Carroll
Dr. Ed Donnelly
Mr. Robert Traeger
Mr. Gary Shearer
Team members:
Savannah Gill
Kelvin Lin
Mike McHugh
Trey Reece
Derric Williams

2. Current Methods Conventional Methods Mammography MRI
Cheap, Simple, Ubiquitous
High False Negative Rate
10%-20% cancer missed
MRI
Safer
More Sensitive
More Costly
15x that of mammography
High False Positive Rate
One study showed 43% of suspicious MRI findings showed no cancer
Twice as many false positive as mammograms
Mammography X-Ray Image

3. Project Background Current Methods are Invasive Our Project Hopes To
Rid Detection Process of Needles, Anesthetic, & Pain
Reduce radiation dose to patient
Rid of contrast agent
Reduce Time & Complications

4. Our Method Monochromatic X-rays
Fire X-rays of only one energy (or wavelength)
Use SAXS emissions from elements in tissue

5. Theory Behind Our Methodθ
Small Angle X-ray Scattering

6. Project Description R d
Task 1: Decrease the size of the x-ray beam using collimator
Task 2: Block off the extra x-rays using beamstop
Task 3: Detect and analyze scattering pattern
Task 4: Determine material

7. Diffraction Patterns Paraffin Wax Similar to Adipose Tissue No Water
Major Radial Peaks at: 12.6°, 11.4°, 10.2°

8. Diffraction Patterns Adipose/Gland Phantom 100/0
Major radial peak at: 11.5°
Possible additional peaks at: 9.1°, 10.3°

9. Diffraction Patterns Adipose/Gland Phantom 30/70
Major radial peak at: 11.5°
Possible additional peaks at: 9.1°, 10.3°

10. Diffraction Patterns Adipose/Gland Phantom 50/50
Major radial peak at: 11.5°
New peak emerging at: 15.5°

11. Diffraction Patterns Adipose/Gland Phantom 30/70
Major radial peak at: 11.5°
New clear peak at: 15.5°

12. Diffraction Patterns Adipose/Gland Phantom 0/100
Major radial peak at: 11.5°, 15.5°
Possible additional peaks at: 13.8°, 8.9°

13. Diffraction Patterns Aluminum Dots instead of rings (crystalline)
Multiple photon energies -> Smears
Aluminum from Cullity, “Elements of X-Ray Diffraction”

14. Diffraction Patterns Wooden Block (1.5” Thick)
Wood Grain Horizontal Wood Grain Vertical

15. Can you tell the difference?

16. Thin Breast 100 2.3 deg 200 4.7 deg 700 16.2 deg 800 18.3 deg

17. Breast Samples
Thin Cancerous Breast
Thick CancerousBreast

18. Muscle Samples
Mouse Muscle
Cancerous Muscle

19. Pig Samples
Pig Skin
Pig Fat

20. Reducing Noise – Monochromatic Beam
Polychromatic
Incident Beam
Detector
Thin Sample
Thin Ring Created

21. Reducing Noise – Monochromatic Beam
Incident Beam
Detector
Thin Sample
Thin Ring Created

22. Current Status
Collect more images of different material using Kevex X-ray
X-ray more biological specimens
Use monochromatic x-ray laser for clearer results
Develop an algorithm to determine the cancerous tissue from normal tissue

23. Next Step Continue imaging biological samples
Multiple trials needed
Compare samples of normal tissue to cancerous tissue
Determine composition of unknown images as given by Dr. Carroll

24. Dates to Come Finish new collimator Finish imaging biological samples
By March 23rd
Finish imaging biological samples
By April 4th
Image biological samples with monochromatic
By April 13th
Complete analyzation & poster
By next oral presentation

25. References http://www.breastcancer.org/mri_vs_mammogram_high_risk.html

26. Questions?