1. Warm-up List 2 causes of exploration and 2 effects of exploration.
After examining in previous units what makes a good prince (ideas of Machievelli) and what you know from history, tell me some qualities a king needs to possess to be a great king.

2. Age of Absolutism 1600-1700s Chpt 21 Sect 1-3

3. Absolutism Absolutist Policies King with total power.
They possessed control over all aspects of society
Absolutist Policies
policies made without the consent of the governed, and are designed to maintain or centralize their power.
Rule by this idea of Divine Right- the idea that god created the monarchy and that the monarch acted as God’s representative on Earth.

4. What might have caused this era of very powerful kings?
Religious and territorial conflicts created fear and uncertainty
The growth of armies to deal with conflicts caused rulers to raise taxes to pay troops.
Heavy taxes led to additional unrest and peasant revolts.

5. Young Louis XIV Personal Qualities Became king at the age of 5
Over the course of his childhood, Louis XIV was primed as a leader, receiving a practical education rather than a scholarly one.
22 years old
short- 5’5” wore high heeled
shoes to increase height to
seem imposing
erect and dignified posture to
look tall
He began wearing a wig, and introduced the trend in men’s fashion
Video

6. absolutist policies:
weakens authority of nobles by excluding them from council (meetings)
gives jobs to intendants – poorer people that depend on his money that will remain loyal (jobs like collecting taxes)
Ended religious freedom issued by Edict of Nantes – Protestants prosecuted
Heavy taxes w/o approval
Wars to expand empire and increase wealth- goal was to make France self-sufficient
large army to symbolize strength and put down internal and external opponents
Encouraged people to migrate to Canada. Why?
propoganda – patron of arts to glorify himself
- preaches divine right - right to rule from God

7. “L’etat, c’est moi” “I am the state.” King Louis XIV – the “Sun King”
Source of all political authority in France

8. Louis XIII’s Old Chateau

9. Living Quarters
Versailles

10. Palais de Versailles

11. Palais de Versailles
5,000 acres of gardens

12. The Orangery
….1,000 orange trees planted b/c Louis loved oranges

13. Hall of Mirrors

14. Louis XIV’s Chapel

15. Video

16. Louis and the Arts
Versailles was the center of the arts during Louis’s reign
He made ballet and opera more popular
He even danced the title role in the ballet “The Sun King”
No longer was the purpose of art to glorify God (middle ages), or human potential(Renaissance) but it was to glorify who….

17. In the early days of Versailles, fountain guards were ordered to whistle when Louis XIV approached, so that the fountains could be fully turned on.
A hat and a sword could be hired at the front gate in order to be properly attired to visit the Grand Apartment. Monks were not allowed in.

18. Thefts were frequent at Versailles, despite the guards and staff.
A secret passage ran from the queen's private cabinets to those of the king. It enabled Marie-Antoinette to escape revolutionary rioters in October 1789.

19. Louis’s Death and Legacy
Louis’s last years were more sad than glorious.
Realizing that his wars had ruined France, he regretted the suffering he had brought to his people.
He died in bed in 1715.
News of his death prompted rejoicing throughout France, they had had enough of their ‘sun king’.
Unfortunately absolutism didn’t die with him.

20. Peter the Great (r. 1682-1725) Personal Qualities
European dress, like France
He had the mind of a genius,
the body of a giant (6 feet 5in
tall) and the Temper of a bear.
One of Russia’s greatest
Reformers.
He had a passion for ships
And the seas.
Video

21. Absolutist Policies

22. Grand Embassy
One year after becoming sole ruler of Russia, Peter embarked on a long visit to Western Europe.
He was fascinated by the modern tools and machines in the foreigners’ shops.
One of his goals on this trip was to learn about European customs and manufacturing techniques.
Never before had a Russian ruler done this.

23. Forced Westernization
Peter believed the only way his people would be as successful as Europeans was to look, act and think like Europeans.
Forced Russian nobility to adopt western (European) customs
Western European clothing (short coats)— no caftan
no beards – or taxed
women ordered to attend parties

24. Absolutist policies
Peter took control of Orthodox Church (doesn’t want to compete with church)
Lessened power of nobles by giving government jobs to poor that would be loyal to him b/c depend on him for money
Built large army to symbolize his power
Heavy taxes w/o consent of anyone

25. Russia & Sweden After the Great Northern War
Most importantly, Peter wanted a warm water seaport to open up trade with the West.
Russia went to war with Sweden to gain a piece of the Baltic coast line.
After 21 years of war, Russia finally won that piece of land.

26. St. Petersburg

27. St. Petersburg

29. Peterhof “Russian Versailles”
Living Quarters:
Peterhof “Russian Versailles”

31. French-style interior

32. Peter Visits Versailles

33. Warm-up Brainteaser 2 Brainteasers 1
Use the clues to change one letter in each word to make a new word. If you do it correctly, the first word will the same as the last word. LAKE ________ not on time ________ despise ________ head coverings ________ punches ________ small pieces ________ do with your teeth ________ ride this ________ in the oven ________ body of water

34. In Japan… Civil War shattered Japan’s old feudal system
The country collapsed into chaos
Power shifted from the Shogun to territorial lords
Shogun- Military leader (actual ruler)
Samurai= Knights
Daimyo= Lords
Emperor becomes a figure head with no actual power

35. Oda Nobunaga Brutal and ambitious daimyo
Comes in and defeats rivals and seizes the capital of Kyoto
“Rule the empire by force”
Not able to unify Japan, but kills many rival daimyo for control of Edo
He committed seppuku, the ritual suicide of a Samurai

36. Tokugawa Ieyasu Loyal to friends, not well liked by most
Personal Qualities
Loyal to friends, not well liked by most
Feared and respected

37. Absolutist Policies Unifies Japan Moves Capital to Edo
Expanded territory and gained ¼ of all rice producing territory which made him rich
Alternate Attendance Policy - Daimyo forced to live in capital Edo for part of year, and when left he had to leave his family behind as hostage.
forced daimyo into labor
Wanted to keep daimyo disorganized and weak

38. largest donjon (tower) in Japan
Edo Castle
largest donjon (tower) in Japan
Daimyo were forced to help pay for this project
All surrounding hills were leveled and the bay was filled in!
Daimyo sent 3,000 ships for years to get enough large stone for Ieyasu

40. Persecution
Ieyasu traded with Europeans, part of that included having Christian missionaries come over and spread Christianity
Christians scorned native Japanese beliefs
He bans Christianity and focuses on ridding the country of Christians
He persecutes Christians

41. Isolationism
Probably one of the most influential policies Tokugawa Ieyasu issued was Isolationism
They sealed the borders and instituted a “closed country policy”

42. ConclusionSimilarities
All rise to power after years of warfare
(better to have strict dictator than chaos and war)
Built strong armies
All raise heavy taxes
Expanded territory
Created a strong centralized power
Brought nobility under control
Drew advisors from middle class
Encouraged better manufacturing and trade
Brought church under gov’t control
Did not allow religious toleration

43. Warm-up During the Age of Absolutism, European monarchs tried to
How did Oda Nobunaga lay the groundwork for the later Tokagawa rulers?
What best describes the shoguns position in Japanese society?
The Manchu haircut that Kangxi forced the Han Chinese to wear was known as the
The policy that Peter the Great developed in Russia to make Russians act and dress more like Europeans was referred to as?