1. Culture in Business and Final Exam Review
Lectures 22 and 23

2. Today
Business across cultures
Begin final exam review

3. Today
Business across cultures
Final exam review

4. Culture What is culture? Cultural Differences
Intercultural Communication

5. Culture What is culture? Cultural Differences
Intercultural Communication

6. Culture Values Art Beliefs Laws Ways of behaving Religion Language
It is the lifestyle of a group of a people:
Values
Beliefs
Ways of behaving
Ways of communicating
Art
Laws
Religion
Language
Ways of thinking

7. Culture Your culture is different depending on your: Family Community
Country

8. Culture You also belong to many subcultures: Chinese people
University students
Basketball fans
English learners
Young people
Etc...

9. Culture How is culture passed on? Parents Peer Groups Schools
Religious Institutions
Government
Media

10. Culture
The world is getting smaller due to globalization and the internet
We must understand our own culture as well as other cultures in order to be able to communicate well

11. Culture What is culture? Cultural Differences
Intercultural Communication

12. Culture
Think of cultures as:
High Context
Low Context

13. Culture
High Context
Implicit – decisions based on personal relationships and environmental settings

14. Culture
High Context
Examples: Asia, China, etc.

15. Culture
Low Context
Explicit – decisions based on direct verbal communication and main points

16. Culture
Low Context
Examples: America, Canada, Europe, etc.

17. Culture
We will look at:
Social Differences
Nonverbal differences

18. Culture Social differences Materialism Roles/relationships Status
Manners
Time

19. Culture
Nonverbal differences
Personal Space
Body Language

20. Culture What is culture? Cultural Differences
Intercultural Communication

21. Culture
Stereotyping
Stereotyping is making an assumption about someone because of their culture

22. Culture Examples: All women are good cooks
All Americans like country music
All black people are good at basketball

23. Culture Don’t stereotype!
Judge each person as an individual and not because of their culture

24. Culture
Learn as much as possible about other cultures in order to have more successful communication

25. Culture
To better communicate with other cultures, do the following things when dealing with people of other cultures:

26. Culture Assume differences Communicate first Don’t judge Show respect
Be patient

27. Culture Be flexible Find common ground Send clear messages
Learn when to be direct, when to be indirect

28. Today
Business across cultures
Final exam review

29. Final Exam 2 hours No notes or electronic devices
One English/Chinese dictionary allowed
Covering Lecture 1 – Lecture 23

30. Essay/composition (2-3)
Final Exam
3 kinds of questions
Multiple Choice (10-15)
Short Answer (2-4)
Essay/composition (2-3)

31. Essay/composition (2-3)
Final Exam
3 kinds of questions
Multiple Choice (10-15)
Short Answer (2-4)
Essay/composition (2-3)

32. Final Exam Focus on material from all lectures Tips:
Eliminate wrong answers
Guess if you are not sure
Don’t leave any blank!

33. Final Exam
What is the best communicator style to lead a group meeting?
Sell
Tell
Consult
Join

34. Final Exam
What is the best way to increase readability in our message?
Use ragged right margins
Use lots of white space
Use the active voice
Print out a copy of your message

35. Essay/composition (2-3)
Final Exam
3 kinds of questions
Multiple Choice (10-15)
Short Answer (2-4)
Essay/composition (2-3)

36. Final Exam Answer all parts of the question
Will cover only material from lecture 15 – lecture 23
Tips:
Answer all parts of the question
Be sure to have enough points to get full marks

37. Final Exam
What are the five verbal strategies we need to think about while giving a presentation? Describe a speaker that is strong in each of the five areas.

38. Essay/composition (2-3)
Final Exam
3 kinds of questions
Multiple Choice (10-15)
Short Answer (2-4)
Essay/composition (2-3)

39. Business message Academic Essay Interview Question Final Exam
Will cover material from all lectures!
May be:
Business message
Academic Essay
Interview Question

40. Final Exam Routine (request, claims and adjustment, reference request)
Business messages you need to know how to write:
Routine (request, claims and adjustment, reference request)
Persuasive (persuasive request, sales message)
Job (résumé, cover letter)

41. Final Exam Introduction Body Conclusion
Be sure to think about structure:
Introduction
Body
Conclusion

42. Final Exam
Be sure to think about format:
Letter Format
Format

43. Lecture 1: Business Report Format
Topics
Lecture 1: Business Report Format

44. Lecture 1 Communication Methods Web based Email Presentations
telephoned meetings
message boards
meetings
reports

45. Business Report Format
1. Title Page
2. Table of Contents
3. List of Figures
4. Executive Summary
5. Methods
6. Report Body
7. Recommendations
8. References/Bibliography

46. Lectures 2 and 3: Referencing and the Harvard Reference System
Topics
Lectures 2 and 3: Referencing and the Harvard Reference System

47. Referencing What is referencing? Why do we reference?
What do we need to reference?
How do we reference our work?

48. Referencing Referencing format: (books, magazines, websites, etc.)
Parts of the Harvard Reference system
Why we use the Harvard Reference System

49. Referencing Questions
Who wrote it? (Author)
What is it called? (Title)
When was it published? (Date)
Where was it published? (Place)
Who published it? (Publisher)

50. Plagiarism What is plagiarism? Why is it wrong?
How do we avoid plagiarism?

51. Lecture 4: Communication Strategies
Topics
Lecture 4: Communication Strategies

52. Communication Strategies
Communicator
Audience
Message
Channel
Cultural Context

53. Communication Strategies
Communicator objectives
Communicator styles
Audience Choices

54. Communication Strategies
Writing Channels
Speaking Channels

55. Strategies
Indirect/direct messages
Audience Memory Curve

56. Topics
Lecture 5: The Writing Process

57. Writing 3 step writing process
Planning (gathering, organizing, focusing)
Writing (drafting)
Completing (editing)

58. Writing Gathering strategies Organizing strategies Focusing strategies
Drafting Strategies

59. Writing Introduction – body – conclusion
Apply these to all types of messages

60. Topics
Lecture 6: Editing

61. Editing
Content
Style
Readability

62. Lecture 7: Routine Messages
Topics
Lecture 7: Routine Messages

63. Routine Messages Email/memo/letter format Writing Routine messages
Requests
Claims and Adjustments
Reference Request

64. Routine Messages What you want Why you want it
Normal Request
What you want
Why you want it
Why the reader should help

65. Routine Messages Claims and Adjustments Explain problem
Complete explanation
Request action

66. Routine Messages
Reference Request
Intro
Body
Conclusion

67. Topics
Lecture 8: Bad News Messages

68. Bad News Messages Strategies Present Bad News
Have audience accept news
Maintain good relationships
Maintain a good image for your company
Reduce future messages

69. Bad News Messages Understand the news Accept the news See news as fair
Audience Strategies
Understand the news
Accept the news
See news as fair
Have positive thoughts about you
Feel good about themselves

70. Bad News Messages Direct and Indirect Approaches Types of Messages
Negative Answers to requests
Negative Employment Messages
Negative company news

71. Bad News Messages
Direct
Bad News
Explanation
Closing

72. Bad News Messages
Indirect
Buffer
Explanation
Bad News
Closing

73. Topics
Lectures 9 and 10: Persuasive Messages

74. Persuasive Messages Persuasive strategies Credibility
How to increase your credibility
Ethics. Good and bad.

75. Persuasive Messages
Direct/indirect approach
AIDA
Audience Appeals

76. Persuasive Messages
Persuasive Requests
Sales Messages

77. Persuasive Messages Persuasive Requests Get attention
Gain Credibility. Make readers believe you
Provide specific action

78. Persuasive Messages Sales Messages Get audience attention
Highlight features and benefits
Ask readers to do what you want

79. Topics
Lectures 11 and 12: Résumés

80. Résumés
Types of résumés
What is a résumé?

81. Résumés
Chronological
Functional
Combination

82. Résumés
Résumé sections
What not to include
Common résumé mistakes

83. Lecture 13: Cover Letters
Topics
Lecture 13: Cover Letters

84. Cover Letters
Formatting
Strategies
Intro, Body, Closing

85. Cover Letters Intro Who you are Why you are writing
Where you heard about the job
Introduce 2-3 qualities

86. Cover Letters Body Start with topic sentence Tell stories
Highlight skills and benefits
Provide evidence

87. Cover Letters Closing Sum up qualifications Ask for an interview
Thank you!

88. Cover Letters
Solicited
Unsolicited

89. Lecture 15: Academic Essays
Topics
Lecture 15: Academic Essays

90. Academic Essays
Introduction
Opener
Lead in
Thesis

91. Academic Essays
Body
Transition
Topic Sentence
Support

92. Academic Essays
Conclusion
Restate thesis
Lead out
Closing statement

93. Lectures 16 and 17: Interviews
Topics
Lectures 16 and 17: Interviews

94. Preparation (weeks before)
Interviews
Preparation (weeks before)
Preparation (right before)
What to bring/not to bring
Nonverbal/verbal strategies

95. Interviews
Qualities interviewers look for
Answering interview questions

96. Interviews
Specific situation
What needed to be done
What you did
What was the result

97. Topics
Lecture 18: Teamwork

98. Teamwork Advantages/disadvantages Team decision making
Conflict and conflict resolution
Good/bad conflict

99. Teamwork
Running a meeting
Qualities of an effective team

100. Lectures 19, 20 and 21: Presentations
Topics
Lectures 19, 20 and 21: Presentations

101. Presentations 1
Types of presentations (impromptu, recited, manuscript, etc.)
Communication strategies – audience response

102. Presentations 1 Research Organization – Intro, body, conclusion
Text - notecards

103. Presentations 2
Visual Aids - PPT
Organization
Graphics
Editing

104. Presentations 2 Team presentations Organize a whole
Speaker transitions
Presenting as a team

105. Presentations 2 Answering Questions
Before? During? Advantages and disadvantages
How to take questions
What to say/do if you don’t know the answer

106. Presentations 3 Verbal Skills Inflection Volume Rate Fillers
Enunciation (pronunciation)

107. Presentations 3 Nonverbal skills Posture Body Movement Arm gestures
Facial expression
Eye contact

108. Presentations 3 Space and objects Formal? Informal?
Height, distance, objects

109. Presentations 3 Overcoming nervousness Practice Arrangement
Mental/physical relaxation

110. Topics
Lecture 22: Culture

111. Culture What is culture? Cultural differences – high and low context
Stereotyping
Communicating across cultures