1. Intestinal Parasitic Protzoa

2. Entamoeba histolytica/Trophozoite

3. Entamoeba Trophozoite with food vacuoles

4. Entamoeba histolytica cyst

5. Giardia lamblia

6. Giardia lamblia

7. Nyctotherus

8. Balantidium coli morphology
Balantidium is the largest protozoan and only ciliate known to parasitize humans 3

9. Balantidium coli Diagnosis
History, symptoms and finding the typical trophozoites and cysts in the stool 5

12. African Trypanosomiasis
Sleeping Sickness
Trypanosoma brucei brucei (cattle)
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
American Trypanosomiasis
Chagas Disease
 Trypanosoma cruzi

13. Dr.T.V.Rao MD

14. African Sleeping Sickness

15. Reduviidae transmit the infection
Triatomines, which transmit T cruzi, belong to the family Reduviidae in the order Hemiptera. Reduviidae has 22 subfamilies, including the Triatominae
Dr.T.V.Rao MD

16. Trypanosoma cruzi and Chagas’ Disease
The etiological agent of Chagas’ disease is the intracellular protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), which is transmitted by the insect vector Triatoma infestans (reduviid bug)
Reduviid bugs live in mud filled walls of huts in rural areas
The bug bites human hosts and transmits the parasite
Triatoma infestans (Reduviid bug)
Trypanosoma cruzi with human erythrocytes
Dr.T.V.Rao MD

17. PROMASTIGOTES
AMASTIGOTES

18. Questions
Consider the nature of both diseases; their vector, distribution and impact on local populations. Which disease, in your opinion, deserves more attention and funding? Why? How would you invest the money?

19. Tse tse fly/Glossina

20. Promastigote

21. A macrophage filled with Leishmania amastigotes:

22. Phlebotumine sandfly
Size: 2 – 3 mm
500 Species, (30 LEISHMANIA)

23. Vector of Leishmania PhlebotomusSand fly(sandfly )
Larvae of sandfly

24. Sand fly/ Phelobotomus