1. Kingdom Protista
Old, but not as old as bacteria billon years ago.

2. Protista = the very first
Not plants, animals and fungi (but similar features)
do not have true tissue.
Not plants or animals or fungus.

3. Features Most unicellular Most microscopic Eukaryotic
Autotrophic or heterotrophic
Most live in aquatic habitats

4. Classification of Protists
• Based on:
– How they obtain nutrition
– How they move
• 1.) Animal-like – “protozoa” (1st animal)
• 2.) Plant-like – “algae”
• 3.) Fungus-like –“slime moulds”

5. Protozoans (animal-like)
Usually motile
Most: reproduce asexually
Heterotrophic –
– Holozoic – engulf their food
– Saprozoic – absorb nutrients through their cell membranes
Examples: ameba, paramecium
Classified by how they move

6. Protozoans Classified by how they move a.) Sarcodina – Pseudo feet
b.) Mastigophora (zooflagellates) – Flagella
c.) Ciliophora (ciliates) – Cilia
d.) Sporzoa – Don’t move (on their own)

7. Sarcodines
Ex.) Amoeba

8. Zooflagellates Most – Parasitic
Parasite - an organism that lives in or on another organism (its host) and benefits by getting nutrients at the host's expense.

9. Ciliates Most complex protozoans Ex.) Paramecium
Usually asexual reproduction

10. Sporozoans
Parasitic
Complex life
cycle

11. Parasites Move to new hosts via a vector
Vector - an organism that can carry a parasite
Can you think of examples?

12. Malaria Protist: Plasmodium Vector: Anopholes Mosquito
million cases each year
2-3 million deaths per year
Fever, headache, vomiting
Lives in the bloodstream, clogs capillaries,destroys blood cells

13. African Sleeping Sickness (Trypanosomiasis)
Protist: Trypanosoma
• Vector: Tse Tse Fly
• Sub-Saharan Africa
• Fever, headaches, pain in joints
• Infects the central nervous system, causes
confusion, lack of coordination,
uncontrolled sleepiness

14. Giardiasis Protist: Giardia Transmission: Drinking contaminated water
Severe diarrhea, vomiting
Protist lives in the digestive tract

15. P.g. 331 Try this activity.
G.) Classify the type of protists you think you saw?

16. Plant-like Protists
Have Chlorophyll - Photosynthesis
Algae

17. Euglenophytes Euglena – Live in water – Flagella for movement
– Photosynthesis in the light, but can consume solid food when light is unavailable
– Have an eyespot for sensing light

18. Euglenophytes

19. Ecology Make up the base of aquatic food chains
Phytoplankton make up ~1/2-2/3 of the photosynthesis on Earth
Can cause Red Tides (algal blooms)
Toxic

20. Algae blooms Excess growth of algae due to nutrient pollution
Use up all of the oxygen, organisms die
the production of neurotoxins which cause mass mortalities in fish, seabirds, sea turtles, and marine mammals
human illness or death via consumption of seafood contaminated by toxic algae[10]
mechanical damage to other organisms, such as disruption of epithelial gill tissues in fish, resulting in asphyxiation
oxygen depletion of the water column (hypoxia or anoxia) from cellular respiration and bacterial degradation

21. Fungus-like Protists Heterotrophs Decomposers (saprophyte)
Slime moulds
Leaves a slimy trail as it moves (slowly) across the ground
Single cells come together to work as a primitive multicellular organism
- Decomposer - Break down dead or decaying organisms

22. Read P.g. 349 – 356
Answer questions 1-11 omit 5
Read the article on the worksheet, complete the worksheet and add your answers to question 12 (p.g.357)

23. Homework
Study page 346. (you can/should also do some research)
Homework question. Answer in a paragraph form. Why were Fungi once classified in the plant kingdom but are now separate?
Hint: Explain three similarities and three difference between plants and fungi. Be sure to EXPLAIN (don’t use words you don’t know or explain the meaning of the word for the reader.)

24. Fungi definitions
Mycelium – The branching filaments of a fungus that obtain the nutrients.
Chitin – nitrogenous polysaccharide of long fibrous molecules (cell wall)
Hypha – one branch of Mycelium
Saprophtyes - decomposers

25. Structure of a Mushroom

26. Fungi Classification
Mastigomycota – Flagellated spores, cellulose walls
Amastigomycota – Nonmotile spores, Chitin walls
Deuteromycota – Asexual reproduction (spores not seen), Chitin walls in some, parasitic.

27. Fungi reproduction
Asexual
Fragmentation – breaking apart of mycelium

28. http://wps. pearsoncustom

29. Sexual Spores produces by sporangia dispersed by air currents
Germinate – to grow or sprout
Dikaryotic – one cells contain two nuclei that have come from two different parents.
Above ground cells also have two nuclei
Cap – produces spores
Gills – underside of the cap

30. The two nuclei fuse, then split into 4, then each one released in one spore.

31. Read the first three paragraph of 10.3 (p.g.) 369-370.
Write down the uses of the following
Yeast
Penicillium
Aspergillus
Mushrooms, Morels and Truffles
Why else are fungi important?
Define symbiotic relationship.
What are linchen? How can we use them?

32. lichen Green Algae or cynobacteria and fungus growing together.
Absorb water from
the air
Can help monitor
air quality (pollution)

33. Kingdom Plantae

34. Plantae definitions
Nonvascular – Without certain tissues (xylem and phloem) No tubes
Vascular – Plants with conductive tissue that transport water and nutrients. Have tubes.

35. Pteridophytes – No seeds (ex. Ferns)
Spermatophytes – seeds

36. Gymnosperms – produce uncovered “naked” seeds ex.) pine tree
Angiosperms – produced seeds enclosed in fruit form by certain flower parts.

37. Read p.g. 374
Answer questions 1-6 on p.g. 375.