1. Weird Stuff https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WN_YQUiWtU Glowing Fish

2. Chapter 13
Biotechnology!

3. Biotechnology
Biotechnology: using organisms or their components to perform practical tasks or provide useful products

4. Selective breeding
Mating organisms to produce offspring with desired traits (has been around since ancient times)
Inbreeding= mating between closely related individuals
Hybrids– offspring of parents with different forms of traits. In plants, hybrids are often stronger or bigger.
Read artificial selection article

5. Recombinant DNA and Genetic Engineering
Recombinant DNA: DNA in which genes from 2 different sources are linked
Genetic engineering: cutting out DNA from one organism and putting it into another. (i.e. how we make recombinant DNA)
Transgenic organism= an organism with recombinant DNA
..\..\AP BIO\articles\genetic engineering and Weird combos of organisms!.doc
C:\Documents and Settings\BBAUGHMAN\Desktop\COURSES\LSSI Summer Institute Resources\LSSI Prog. Resources\GFP Mice

6. Genetic Engineering Steps
Step 1: Isolate DNA from organisms
Step 2: Use Restriction enzymes to cut up the DNA (restriction)
They are very specific
Restriction site: where the restriction enzyme cuts the DNA (a specific sequence)
They are palindromes
Sticky end: short single-stranded extensions of restriction fragments
C:\Documents and Settings\BBAUGHMAN\Desktop\bio powerpoints\Chapter 13 BDOL IC

7. Step 3: Attach restriction fragments permanently
DNA ligase: enzyme that can join the DNA fragments
joins sugar to phosphate in backbone

8. Step 4: put the recombinant DNA into the cell
Vector: Something that carries foreign DNA into a cell
Ex. Bacterial plasmids, viruses

9. Bacterial plasmids in gene cloning

10. Gene Cloning Clone = genetically identical copy
Gene cloning: Making more copies of a gene
Bacterial plasmid with recombinant DNA reproduces as the bacteria reproduce.
F:\Desktop\animations from bio powerpoints\Chapter 13 BDOL IC

11. Animal Cloning Making a genetically identical copy of an animal
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
Animal Cloning
Making a genetically identical copy of an animal
ex. Dolly the sheep
Remove Nucleus from an egg
Fuse this unfertilized egg with a body cell or inject a body cell nucleus into the egg.

12. DNA Analysis & Genomics
PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
Gel electrophoresis and DNA fingerprinting
DNA sequencing
Human genome project
DNA Evidence

13. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Replication of any piece of DNA in a test tube (in vitro)
Main Point: Makes many copies of DNA!!
Materials in tube: primers (single-stranded DNA), DNA polymerase, nucleotides
Heat and cool in thermal cycler
Applications: fossils, forensics, prenatal diagnosis, etc.

14. DNA Analysis using Gel Electrophoresis
Step1: Cut up DNA with Restriction Enzymes
Step 2: Gel electrophoresis: separates DNA on the basis of size (smaller bands travel further) creating DNA bands of fragments of the same length
Step 3: Look at your results on the gel.
DNA Fingerprinting
Animation
good gel electrophoresis virtual lab
C:\Documents and Settings\BBAUGHMAN\Desktop\bio powerpoints\Chapter 13 BDOL IC
C:\Documents and Settings\BBAUGHMAN\Desktop\bio powerpoints\Chapter 13 BDOL IC

15. Knowledge Check!
LANES + -
Injection wells
Based on what you just learned, which lane contains the largest fragment of DNA? The shortest?
DNA

16. Knowledge Check
Use the DNA gel, and your knowledge of DNA fingerprint to analyze and determine which suspect’s DNA matches the DNA at the crime scene.
DNA at crime scene
Suspect
1 2 3 - +

17. DNA Analysis and Paternity Problem
Look at the electrophoresis gel picture on the right 
Two of the individuals are parents and one is their child.
Answer the following:
Which individual is the child?
How many bands of DNA does the child share with the mother? The father? Explain why.
Based off of the gel, what color are the mother’s eyes?
Just kidding…

18. O.J. Simpson capital murder case,1/95-9/95
Odds of blood in Ford Bronco not being R. Goldman’s:
6.5 billion to 1
Odds of blood on socks in bedroom not being N. Brown-Simpson’s:
8.5 billion to 1
Odds of blood on glove not being from R. Goldman, N. Brown-Simpson, and O.J. Simpson:
21.5 billion to 1
Number of people on planet earth:
6.1 billion
Odds of being struck by lightning in the U.S.:
2.8 million to 1
Odds of winning the Illinois Big Game lottery:
76 million to 1
Odds of getting killed driving to the gas station to buy a lottery ticket
4.5 million to 1
Odds of seeing 3 albino deer at the same time:
85 million to 1
Odds of having quintuplets:
Odds of being struck by a meteorite:
10 trillion to 1

19. DNA Sequencing Reading the nitrogen bases (the letters) on DNA
Genome: all of an organism’s genetic material.
Human Genome Project
Outcomes:
Identification of genes involved in disease.
Genetic testing improved.
Greater understanding of genetics.
Ethical issues with genetic testing etc.
Cracking your genetic code movie

20. Is Genetic Modification In Agriculture a Good Idea (Evaluate)
Assignment: Make a pros and cons table as you watch the following videos:
After finishing them all, write a paragraph with your perspective on the issue of genetic modification in agriculture. Be sure to justify your perspective with facts/evidence from the videos.
Promotional view:
Bill Nye Video (another perspective):
Opposing View: