1. Gel Electrophoresis

2. Gel Electrophoresis:
Gel Electrophoresis: a method for separation and analysis of DNA
Purpose: can be used to show how each person has a unique DNA sequence “DNA fingerprint”

4. Gel Electrophoresis Steps:
1._DNA Extraction___: the cell is opened up and the DNA is separated from the rest of the cell

5. Gel Electrophoresis Steps:
1._DNA Extraction___: the cell is opened up and the DNA is separated from the rest of the cell
2__Cutting DNA _: in order to work with smaller sections of DNA; ___Restriction Enzymes are used.

6. Gel Electrophoresis Steps:
1._DNA Extraction___: the cell is opened up and the DNA is separated from the rest of the cell
2__Cutting DNA _: in order to work with smaller sections of DNA; ___Restriction Enzymes are used.
a.Restriction enzymes (special proteins) are also called “___DNA scissors “ and cut DNA at specific sequences.

7. Gel Electrophoresis Steps:
1._DNA Extraction___: the cell is opened up and the DNA is separated from the rest of the cell
2__Cutting DNA _: in order to work with smaller sections of DNA; ___Restriction Enzymes are used.
a.Restriction enzymes (special proteins) are also called “___DNA scissors “ and cut DNA at specific sequences.
b.They can leave jagged ( sticky ) ends or straight ( blunt ) ends.

8. Gel Electrophoresis Steps:
1._DNA Extraction___: the cell is opened up and the DNA is separated from the rest of the cell
2__Cutting DNA _: in order to work with smaller sections of DNA; ___Restriction Enzymes are used.
a.Restriction enzymes (special proteins) are also called “___DNA scissors “ and cut DNA at specific sequences.
b.They can leave jagged ( sticky ) ends or straight ( blunt ) ends.
3. Gel Electrophoresis : a way to separate DNA fragments (pieces)
a.mixture of DNA fragments are placed at one end of a gel
b.electric voltage is applied to the gel

9. Gel Electrophoresis Steps:
1._DNA Extraction___: the cell is opened up and the DNA is separated from the rest of the cell
2__Cutting DNA _: in order to work with smaller sections of DNA; ___Restriction Enzymes are used.
a.Restriction enzymes (special proteins) are also called “___DNA scissors “ and cut DNA at specific sequences.
b.They can leave jagged ( sticky ) ends or straight ( blunt ) ends.
3. Gel Electrophoresis : a way to separate DNA fragments (pieces)
a.mixture of DNA fragments are placed at one end of a gel
b.electric voltage is applied to the gel
c.DNA is negatively charged and so it moves towards the positively charged end of the gel
d.The smaller DNA fragments move faster and farther

10. DNA Analysis
Gel Electrophoresis produces a pattern of bands that can be distinguished from the pattern of any other person in the world. This pattern is called a person’s DNA fingerprint.
Applications:
1. to identify criminals at a crime scene
2. to figure out the parents in a parental test

11. A. Who left the blood stain?

12. B. Who are the parents?

13. Internet Simulations DNA Fingerprint and Electrophoresis
Create a DNA fingerprint lab:
Gel Electrophoresis: