1. Wednesday, September 16th
New Seating Chart: If you have a legitimate problem, come see me at another time. Don’t move seats on your own.
1.a. Am. Lit Classes to receive presentation schedule.
2. Clean out folders.
Check grades against IC.
Remember to keep things that will be on the test. Recycle the rest.
Clean these folders out weekly on your own.
3. If something is wrong in the gradebook, come talk to me at ELO. Not before school and not during class or between classes.
4. Gradebook: Pre-tests and post tests are not graded. Course expectations and interest inventories are not graded. It is either turned in or missing. This helps track those students that simply don’t care to turn in anything.

2. 5. Miss a day? Lose something? Go to aschliman.weebly.com.
If there is not something on the website, come to ELO to talk to me.
6. Late work: You have 8 days to turn in late work but you only receive 70% credit.
I will not accept late work the last two weeks of the semester. No exceptions.  

3. 8. ALWAYS PUT A HEADING ON WORK YOU TURN IN!
7. Test corrections: You may make test corrections on everything but reading quizzes.
It must be done within one week of the score being entered into IC and it must be done at ELO. No exceptions.
8. ALWAYS PUT A HEADING ON WORK YOU TURN IN!
Name
Date
Block
Title of Assignment
Write legibly, please.      

4. 9. Writing a response to a prompt or question:
First, be original. If I see answers that are too similar when they need not be, I consider it cheating. If you need help, see me. No one wants to be on a team with or hire someone that can’t think on their own.
What is a complete sentence?
Should I say, “I believe” or “I think” or any variation in academic writing. NO!
Why should I be stingy with pronouns?
What is the RAD strategy?
See additional Powerpoint.

5. Cross-Curricular Skill: RAD
R: Restate
A: Answer
D: Details

6. R: Restate
Do not simply copy the question out of the book and then create a new sentence to answer it. THIS IS NOT RESTATING!
Question: Why did Barack Obama win the last presidential election?
Restate: Barack Obama won the last presidential election because…
Question: What did the coffin symbolize in The Scarlet Ibis?
Restate: In The Scarlet Ibis, the coffin symbolized…

7. A: Answer After restating the question, answer it completely.
Question: Why did Barack Obama win the last presidential election?
Restate: Barack Obama won the last presidential election because he is a good public speaker…
Question: What did the coffin symbolize in The Scarlet Ibis?
Restate: In The Scarlet Ibis, the coffin symbolized Doodle’s death…

8. D: Details
While answering the question, use details and supporting facts for a well-rounded answer.
Question: Why did Barack Obama win the last presidential election?
Restate: Barack Obama won the last presidential election because he is a good public speaker. He has great presence, vocabulary, and tone of voice as he speaks.
Question: What did the coffin symbolize in The Scarlet Ibis?
Restate: In The Scarlet Ibis, the coffin symbolized Doodle’s death. They all thought he would die at a young age, but he triumphed over death and lived much longer.

9. Short Answers: English Example
Prompt: Simile and metaphor are two ways of making a comparison of two dissimilar things-either by using the verb “to be” (metaphor) or “like” and “as” (simile). In Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury often uses similes and metaphors to compare ordinary (or extraordinary) objects to animals or insects. Identify three instances of this and explain the effect of the similes/metaphors. In other words, why does Bradbury use them?

10. Short Answer: English Example
One example of an object being compared to an animal is the terrifying Mechanical Hound. This hound can be programmed to track and kill a person. It has some characteristics of a real dog; for example, it “sniffs” and “growls.” Another example is the snakelike machine that saves Mildred’s life. This invention slides down into her stomach and sucks out poison. It even has an “eye” that allows its operator to see inside the stomach. A third example is Mildred’s radio earpieces. These tiny devices are compared to a wasp hidden in its nest. Bradbury uses these similes and metaphors to show what the technology has become. People’s lives are ruled by their machines. Rather than just using the technology, people depend on it entirely. It is almost as if the machines have life within them. The comparison to animals/insects shows us that the technology almost has a life of its own.
(Restate/ Answer/ Details)
Example from:
How to Answer Short Answer Questions. MoellerLit.Weebly.com. Web. 11 November 2014.

11. Practice
Your turn:
What is your goal in this class this semester and how are you going to achieve it?

12. RAD “Rubric”
R: Has the writer clearly and directly restated the question/prompt in his/her answer?
A: Is the writer’s answer to the prompt clear, direct, and thoughtful?
D: Are the details chosen as support relevant, sufficient, and clearly explained?

13. Winter Survival Activity
You and your companions have just survived the crash of a small plane. Both the pilot and co-pilot were killed in the crash. It is mid-January , and you are in Northern Canada. The daily temperature is 25 below zero, and the night time temperature is 40 below zero. There is snow on the ground, and the countryside is wooded with several creeks criss-crossing the area. The nearest town is 20 miles away. You are all dressed in city clothes appropriate for a business meeting.

14. Your group of survivors managed to salvage the following items:
A ball of steel wool
A small ax
A loaded .45-caliber pistol
Can of Crisco shortening
Newspapers (one per person)
Cigarette lighter (without fluid)
Extra shirt and pants for each survivor
20 x 20 ft. piece of heavy-duty canvas
A sectional air map made of plastic
One quart of 100-proof whiskey
A compass
Family-size chocolate bars (one per person)
Your task as a group is to list the above 12 items in order of importance for your survival. List the uses for each.

15. Now, you will compare your answers as a group and revise your list so that you all agree on the order of importance.
You MUST come to agreement as a group.

16. RANKINGS
1. Cigarette lighter (without fluid): The gravest danger facing the group is exposure to cold. The greatest need is for a source of warmth and the second greatest need is for signaling devices. This makes building a fire the first order of business. Without matches, something is needed to produce sparks, and even without fluid, a cigarette lighter can do that. 2. Ball of steel wool: To make a fire, the survivors need a means of catching he sparks made by the cigarette lighter. This is the best substance for catching a spark and supporting a flame, even if the steel wool is a little wet. 3. Extra shirt and pants for each survivor: Besides adding warmth to the body, clothes can also be used for shelter, signaling, bedding, bandages, string (when unraveled), and fuel for the fire. 4. Can of Crisco shortening: This has many uses. A mirror-like signaling device can be made from the lid. After shining the lid with steel wool, it will reflect sunlight and generate 5 to 7 million candlepower. This is bright enough to be seen beyond the horizon. While this could be limited somewhat by the trees, a member of the group could climb a tree and use the mirrored lid to signal search planes. If they had no other means of signaling than this, they would have a better than 80% chance of being rescued within the first day. There are other uses for this item. It can be rubbed on exposed skin for protection against the cold. When melted into an oil, the shortening is helpful as fuel. When soaked into a piece of cloth, melted shortening will act like a candle. The empty can is useful in melting snow for drinking water. It is much safer to drink warmed water than to eat snow, since warm water will help retain body heat. Water is important because dehydration will affect decision-making. The can is also useful as a cup x 20 foot piece of canvas: The cold makes shelter necessary, and canvas would protect against wind and snow (canvas is used in making tents). Spread on a frame made of trees, it could be used as a tent or a wind screen. It might also be used as a ground cover to keep the survivors dry. It’s shape, when contrasted with the surrounding terrain, makes it a signaling device.

17. 6. Small ax: Survivors need a constant supply of wood in order to maintain the fire. The ax could be used for this as well as for clearing a sheltered campsite, cutting tree branches for ground insulation, and constructing a frame for the canvas tent. 7. Family size chocolate bars (one per person): Chocolate will provide some food energy. Since it contains mostly carbohydrates, it supplies the energy without making digestive demands on the body. 8. Newspapers (one per person): These are useful in starting a fire. They can also be used as insulation under clothing when rolled up and placed around a person’s arms and legs. A newspaper can also be used as a verbal signaling device when rolled up in a megaphone-shape. It could also provide reading material for recreation. 9. Loaded .45-caliber pistol: The pistol provides a sound-signaling device. (The international distress signal is 3 shots fired in rapid succession). There have been numerous cases of survivors going undetected because they were too weak to make a loud enough noise to attract attention. The butt of the pistol could be used as a hammer, and the powder from the shells will assist in fire building. By placing a small bit of cloth in a cartridge emptied of its bullet, one can start a fire by firing the gun at dry wood on the ground. The pistol also has some serious disadvantages. Anger, frustration, impatience, irritability, and lapses of rationality may increase as the group awaits rescue. The availability of a lethal weapon is a danger to the group under these conditions. Although a pistol could be used in hunting, it would take an expert marksman to kill an animal with it. Then the animal would have to be transported to the crash site, which could prove difficult to impossible depending on its size. 10. Quart of 100 proof whiskey: The only uses of whiskey are as an aid in fire building and as a fuel for a torch (made by soaking a piece of clothing in the whiskey and attaching it to a tree branch). The empty bottle could be used for storing water. The danger of whiskey is that someone might drink it, thinking it would bring warmth. Alcohol takes on the temperature it is exposed to, and a drink of minus 30 degrees fahrenheit whiskey would freeze a person’s esophagus and stomach. Alcohol also dilates the blood vessels in the skin, resulting in chilled blood belong carried back to the heart, resulting in a rapid loss of body heat. Thus, a drunk person is more likely to get hypothermia than a sober person is. 11. Compass: Because a compass might encourage someone to try to walk to the nearest town, it is a dangerous item. It’s only redeeming feature is that it could be used as a reflector of sunlight (due to its glass top). 12. Sectional air map made of plastic : This is also among the least desirable of the items because it will encourage individuals to try to walk to the nearest town. It’s only useful feature is as a ground cover to keep someone dry.

18. EXPLANATION
Mid-January is the coldest time of year in Northern Canada. The first problem the survivors face is the preservation of body heat and the protection against its loss. This problem can be solved by building a fire, minimizing movement and exertion, using as much insulation as possible, and constructing a shelter.
The participants have just crash-landed. Many individuals tend to overlook the enormous shock reaction this has on the human body, and the deaths of the pilot and co-pilot increases the shock. Decision-making under such circumstances is extremely difficult. Such a situation requires a strong emphasis on the use of reasoning for making decisions and for reducing fear and panic. Shock would be shown in the survivors by feelings of helplessness, loneliness, hopelessness, and fear. These feelings have brought about more fatalities than perhaps any other cause in survival situations. Certainly the state of shock means the movement of the survivors should be at a minimum, and that an attempt to calm them should be made.
Before taking off, a pilot has to file a flight plan which contains vital information such as the course, speed, estimated time of arrival, type of aircraft, and number of passengers. Search-and-rescue operations begin shortly after the failure of a plane to appear at its destination at the estimated time of arrival.
The 20 miles to the nearest town is a long walk under even ideal conditions, particularly if one is not used to walking such distances. In this situation, the walk is even more difficult due to shock, snow, dress, and water barriers. It would mean almost certain death from freezing and exhaustion. At temperatures of minus 25 to minus 40, the loss of body heat through exertion is a very serious matter.
Once the survivors have found ways to keep warm, their next task is to attract the attention of search planes. Thus, all the items the group has salvaged must be assessed for their value in signaling the group’s whereabouts.
The ranking of the survivors items was made by Mark Wanvig, a former instructor in survival training for the Reconnaissance School of the 101st Division of the U.S. Army. Mr. Wanvig currently conducts wilderness survival training programs in the Minneapolis, Minnesota area. This survival simulation game is used in military training classrooms.