2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3. CONTENT : Meaning of research Characteristics of Research Objectives of Research Motivation in Research Importance of Research Types of Research Research Process Difference Between Research Methods & Research Methodology Meaning of Business Research Role of Business Research Factors Affecting Business Research

4. MEANING OF RESEARCH  Research is the systematic efforts of gathering, analysing & interpreting the problems confronted by humanity.  It is a thinking process and scientific method of studying a problem and finding solution. “A systematized efforts to gain new knowledge”

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH  It is a systematic & critical investigation into a phenomenon.  It adopts scientific method.  It is objective & logical.  It is based on empirical evidence.  It is directed towards finding answers to question & solution to problems.  It is not mere compilation of facts.  It emphasis the generalization theories and principles.

6. OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH Purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through the application of scientific procedure. Main aim of research is to find the truth which is hidden and which has not been discovered as yet. Objectives of Research can be grouped under following heads :- 1.To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it. 2.To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual situation or a group. 3.To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with something else. 4.To test a hypothesis of a casual relationship between variables.

7. MOTIVATION IN RESEARCH What makes people to undertake research? 1.Desire to get a research degree along with its benefits. 2.Desire to face the challenge in the solving the unsolved Problem. 3.Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative work. 4.Desire to be of service to Society. 5.Desire to get respectability. However, this is not an exhaustive list of factors motivating people to undertake research studies. Many more factors such as directives of government, employment conditions, curiosity about new things, desire to understand causal relationships, social thinking and awakening, and the like may as well motivate people to perform research operations

8. IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH a.It helps in finding the solution. b.To the students who are to write a PHD; it is a careerism. c.To Professionals in research methodology, research means a source of livehood. d.To Philosophers & thinkers research may mean the outlet for new ideas and insights. e.To literary man research means the development of new styles & creative work. f.To the intellectuals research mean the generalization of new theories.

9. Descriptive v/s Analytical Applied v/s Fundamental Quantitative v/s Qualitative Conceptual v/s Empirical Types of Research

10. I. DESCRIPTIVE V/S ANALYTICAL :-  Descriptive research includes Surveys or fact-finding enquiries of different kinds. The major purpose of descriptive research description of the state of affairs as it exist at present. It also known as Ex-post facto research. For e.g.:- frequency of Shopping (Surveys)  On the other hand, in Analytical research, the researcher has to use facts or information already available & analyse this to make a critical evaluation, of the material.

11. I. APPLIED V/S FUNDAMENTAL :-  Applied Research aims at finding a solution for an immediate problem facing a society or an organisation. For e.g.:- Marketing Research  Fundamental Research is mainly concerned with Generalization and with the formulation of a theory. It is also known as pure research. For e.g.:- Pure Mathematics

12. I. QUANTITATIVE V/S QUALITATIVE :-  Quantitative Research is based on the measurement of quantity or amount.  Qualitative Research is specially important in the behavioral sciences were the aim is to discover the underlying motives of human behaviour. For e.g.:- Motivation research.

13. I. CONCEPTUAL V/S EMPIRICAL :-  Conceptual Research is that related to some abstract ideas for theory. It is generally used by philosophers and thinkers to develop the new concepts or to interpret existing ones.  On the other hand, Empirical Researches relies on experiments or observation alone, often without due regard for system of theory. It is data based research coming up with conclusions which are capable of been variable of observation and experiment.

14. RESEARCH PROCESS Define the problem Review the literature Formulate hypothesis Design the Research Analysis DataCollect Data Interpret & Reports FF F F F Where, F = feed back (Helps in controlling the sub-system to which it is transmitted) FF = feed forward (Serves the vital function of providing criteria for evaluation)

15. I. DEFINE THE PROBLEM :- The first step of research process is to define the problem. There are two types of research problem:- i.Those which relates to state of nature ii.Those which relates to relationship between variables. Essentially two steps are involved in define research problems :- a.Understanding the problem thoroughly. b.Rephrasing the same into meaningful terms from an point of view.

16. II. REVIEW THE LITERATURE :- Once the problem is define, a brief summary of it should be written down. It is compulsory for a research worker writing a thesis for a Ph.D. degree to write a synopsis of topic and submit it to necessary committee or the research board for approval.

17. III. FORMULATE HYPOTHESIS : - The next step is to formulate hypothesis. It is tentative assumption made in order to draw out and test its logical or empirical consequences. Hypothesis should be very specific and limited to the piece of research in hand because it has to be tested. The role of the hypothesis is to guide the researcher by delimiting the area of research and to keep him on the right track.

18. IV. DESIGN THE RESEARCH :- The research problem having been formulated in clear cut terms, the researcher will be required to prepare a research design, i.e., he will have to state the conceptual structure within which research would be conducted. The function of research design is to provide for the collection of relevant evidence with minimal expenditure of effort, time and money. Research purpose may be grouped into four categories, i.e. (a). Exploration; (b). Description; (c). Diagnosis; (d). Experimentation.

19. V. COLLECT THE DATA :- The next step is to collect the data. There are several ways to collect the data are :- 1.By Observation 2.Through personal interview 3.Through telephone interview 4.By mailing of questionnaires 5.Through schedules The researcher should select one of these methods of collecting the data taking into consideration the nature of investigation, objective and scope of the inquiry, financial resources, available time and the desired degree of accuracy.

20. VI. ANALYSIS THE DATA :- After the data have been collected, the researcher turns to the task of analysing them. The analysis of data requires a number of closely related operations such as establishment of categories, the application of these categories to raw data through coding, tabulation and then drawing statistical inferences.

21. VII. INTERPRET & REPORT Research has to prepare the report of what has been done by him. Writing of report includes :- 1.The preliminary pages 2.The main text 3.The end matter

22. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RESEARCH METHODS & RESEARCH METHODOLOGY S.N o. BasisResearch MethodsResearch Methodology 1.Meaning It implies the methods employed by researcher to conduct research. It is the way to systematically solve the research problems. 2.What is it ? Behavior and instrument used in the selection and construction of the research technique. Science of understanding, how research is performed methodically. 3.Encompasses Carrying out experiment, test, surveys and so on. Study different techniques which can be utilized in the performance of experiment, test, surveys etc. 4.Comprise of Different investigation techniques. Entire strategy towards achievement of objective. 5.Objective To discover solution to research problem. To apply correct procedures so as to determine solutions.

23. MEANING OF BUSINESS RESEARCH Business research is described as the systematic and objective procedure for producing information for help in making business decisions.

24. ROLE OF BUSINESS RESEARCH IN DECISION MAKING There are different roles of business research in decision making :- 1.Production Management :- the research performs an important function in product development, diversification, introducing a new product, product improvement, process technologies, choosing a site, new investment etc. 2.Personnel Management : Research works well for job redesign, organization restructuring, development of motivational strategies and organizational development. 3.Marketing Management : Research performs an important part in choice and size of target market, the consumer behavior with regards to attitudes, life style, and influences of the target market. It is the primary tool in determining price policy, selection of channel of distribution and development of sales strategies, product mix, promotional strategies, etc. 4.Financial Management : Research can be useful for portfolio management, distribution of dividend, capital raising, hedging and looking after fluctuations in foreign currency and product cycles. Materials Management: It is utilized in choosing the supplier, making the decisions relevant to make or buy as well as in selecting negotiation strategies. 5.General Management : It contributes greatly in developing the standards, objectives, long-term goals, and growth strategies.

25. FACTORS AFFECTING BUSINESS RESEARCH 1.Time constraints 2.Availability of resources 3.Very expensive 4.Availability of data 5.Nature of information sought

27. Presented By :- YAMINI KAHALIYA BBA (Honors)