1. Wheels and Tires 1 Group 1

2.  Content  Tire  Parts of the Tire  Types of Tires  Tube and Tubeless tires  Understanding Tire  Wheel balancing  Wear patterns 2

3.  Tire 3 Tire is a ring-shaped component that surrounds a wheel's rim to transfer a vehicle's load from the axle through the wheel to the ground and to provide traction on the surface traveled over.

4. Robert William Thompson 4

5.  Raw materials of Tire Industry Natural Rubber Nylon tire cord fabric Carbon black Rubber chemicals Butyl rubber 5

6.  Rubber vulcanization chemical process for converting natural rubber or related polymers into more durable materials by the addition of sulfur or other equivalent curatives or accelerators. 6 Charles Goodyear

7.  Parts of a tire 7 ABelts BSipes CTread DGrooves EShoulder FSide wall GInner liner HApex IPly

8.  Types of tires 8 Radial Bias

9.  Bias ply Advantages :- 1.Carry more weight Disadvantages :- 1.High fuel consumption 2.Road contact surface is low 3.Faster wear 9  Radial ply Advantages :- 1.Flexible sidewall 2.Reduce fuel consumption 3.Provides a soft ride 4.Less vibration 5.Extended tire life due to low heat generated by the tire Disadvantages 1.Poor transport handling 2.Increased vulnerability to abuse when overloaded or under inflated

10.  Tube and Tubeless tire 10 Tubeless tire is forced by the pressure of the air inside the tire to seal with the flanges of the metal rim of the wheel. In case of a puncture the air in the tubeless tire escape very slowly. Improves safety. The tube tires are generating more heat due to friction between the tire and the tube. High cost in repairs. High fuel consumption in tube tires.

11.  Understanding tires 11

12.  Load Rating and Speed Rating of tires 12 Load Rating Chart Speed Rating Chart

13.  Tire Manufacture date 13

14.  Filling tires with Nitrogen Less likely to migrate through tire than oxygen Less pressure change with temperature swings Good fuel consumption Less vibration Smooth ride between road and the tire 14

15.  Rims or Wheels 15

16.  Wheel Balancing 16 Static Wheel Balance Distributing the weight equally around the wheel Dynamic Wheel Balance Equal distribution of weight on each side of the center line

17. How to check tire wear, 17

18.  Wear Patterns 18 Centre wear The tire is worn down in the center. There will be thread on the tire and a smooth narrow strip of wear around the center of it. This is mostly caused by tires that are over inflated.

19. Edge wear 19 This mostly caused by tires that are under inflated. Under inflation of tires distorts the normal contour of the tire body, causing the tire to bulge outward.

20. Side Wear 20 When an inner or outer rib wears asters than the rest of the tire, the need for wheel alignment is indicated. There is excessive camber in the front suspension, causing the wheel to lean too much to the inside or outside and putting too much load on one side of the true.

21. Cupping 21 Cupping appearing around the edge of the thread on one side or the other, almost always indicate worn suspension parts. A wheel that is out of balance may also cause cupping or bald sports to form, through there will be fewer hills and valleys than you’d see with cupping caused by a failed shock absorber

22. Flat Spots 22 This happens when a tire is compressed against a hard surface while the car is parked. A section of the rubber becomes softer or stiffer than the rest of the tire. The tire flat spots cause a noticeable disturbance when the car is in motion.

23. 23