2. Old building constructions are prone to vulnerable damages by the seismic forces that are happening throughout the year.

3. Some earthquake effects are small, some are moderate, and some are severe that occur around the world frequently.

4. It's quite impossible to predict when the earthquake will happen and what will be its effects.

5. So a proper seismic retrofitting can withstand earthquake of any size & will save you from the disasters.

6. Buildings that are built before the nineties need to be checked and retrofitted as these buildings were not built with stringent standards as that of now.

7. Seismic or earthquake retrofitting involves upgrading all of the components of the home to make it as safe and as modern as possible.

8. Seismic Activity Ground Motion Soil Failure

9. Cyclones Thunderstorms Tornadoes Severe Winds

10. Roof to wall connections, roof diaphragm, shear walls, and continuity ties are checked and strengthened accordingly if any weak part is found.

11. Seismic retrofitting is needed in both the earthquake damaged buildings and earthquake- vulnerable buildings.

12. Important buildings such as hospitals, Commercial buildings, historical monuments, architectural buildings should be retrofitted at the earliest.

13. Retrofitting is basically performed to  Upgrade Building Structure's Lateral Strength  Increasing the Structure's Strength & Ductility

14. Methods of building retrofitting vary according to the  Type of Structures  Material Condition  Amount of Damage

15.  Adding New Shear Walls  Adding Steel Bracing  Jacketing

17. It's used normally for retrofitting non ductile reinforced concrete frame buildings to control drift.

18. Here the new elements are placed at the exterior of the building rather than the interior part to avoid interior mouldings.

20. Steel braces are added in the structure to provide strength, ductility, and stiffness to it.

21. The important thing in this technique is to make connection between the braces and the existing frame.

22. This technique is used when large openings are required.

24. Buildings with ground storeys are normally retrofitted with the addition of masonry infill wall.

25. Addition of infill walls boosts the strength and stiffness of the building.

26. But in this case, the ductility of the building is not increased.

28. The lateral force demand decreases when there is reduction of mass results. So this technique is used to strengthen the structures.

30. Base isolation of the building is a seismic retrofitting technique to control the passive structural vibration.

32. Jacketing is meant for strengthening the building coloumns.

33. The benefits of jacketing is to increase the shear strength, flexural strength, and the concrete confinement.

34. The important types of jacketing are concrete jacketing, steel jacketing, and fiber reinforced polymer composite jacketing.

35. For detailed analysis of your home condition and appropriate seismic retrofitting according to that condition is vital and only an expert in this sector can do it effectively.

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