1. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 1 Standards, specifications and procedures

2. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 2 Standards and coating systems

3. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 3 SPECIFICATIONS Why make a specification? It clarifies what the client shall receive in return for paying the quoted price (expectations) It states what the contractor will have to do in order to get paid (obligations) The specification provides a contractual document for all the technical aspects of the operation in order to reduce disputes to a minimum

4. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 4 Who makes the specification? The owner The consultant The management company The contractor The paint supplier They may all have a greater or smaller input to the content in the final specification

5. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 5 Who decides on the specification? The final decision is with the one paying the bill!

6. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 6 What should a surface treatment specification contain? Surface preparation Paint application Quality control / equipment Repair Safety aspects Qualification of material and personnel Documentation / reports

7. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 7 Surface preparation Pre blasting preparations Approved surface preparation methods Demands of surface cleanliness and roughness Methods of control / acceptance Demands of environmental conditions

8. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 8 Quality control What tests shall be carried out? What methods are to be used? What are the acceptance criteria? Consequences if work is non-conforming? Comments

9. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 9 PROCEDURES ISO 12944: The part of the document that describes the way the paint work is to be carried out, in conformity with the project specification and the protective paint system specification, as well as with the inspection and assessment specification

10. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 10 Specifications and procedures Specification A document stating what we wish to achieve –how and at what quality level a certain piece of work must be carried out Procedure A document explaining how we shall achieve the requirements in a specification –Processing instruction, check points, quality control Procedure  Specification how (to meet) requirements

11. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 11 STANDARDS Refer to: NS 476:2004, –Annex A.5 (page 25) “Corrosion Protection”, Inspector’s book of reference –Chapter 13 (pages 310 to 369) –Appendix to Chapter 13 (pages 370 to 393)

12. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 12 ISO 8501 - 1 Rust grade A, B, C and D Surface preparation Standard for deciding rust grades

13. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 13 Cd-0631-59 Cd-0631-58 Cd-0631-57 Cd-0631-56 ISO 8501-1 Evaluation of rust grades Rust grade A Rust grade D Rust grade B Rust grade C

14. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 14 Mill scale on pipes Corrosion and mill scale, rust grade B Rust and mill scale must be removed prior to paint application. Mill scale can be removed by blast-cleaning Cd-4930-86

15. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 15 Sa:Blast cleaning (grades 1, 2, 2 ½ and 3) St.: Hand and power tool cleaning (grades 2 and 3) Fl:Flame cleaning (one grade) ISO 8501 - 1 Standard for deciding preparation grades

16. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 16 ISO 8501-1 Hand and Power Tool Cleaning (St) St 2Thorough hand and power tool cleaning. When viewed without magnification, the surface shall be free from visible oil, grease and dirt, and poorly adhering mill scale, rust, paint coatings and foreign matter. St 3Very thorough hand and power tool cleaning. As for St 2, but the surface shall be treated much more thoroughly to give a metallic sheen arising from the metallic substrate.

17. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 17 ISO 8501-1 Abrasive Blast Cleaning (Sa) Sa 1 Light blast cleaning When viewed without magnification, the surface shall be free from visible oil, grease and dirt and from poorly adhering mill scale, rust, paint coatings and foreign matter. Sa 2 Thorough blast cleaning When viewed without magnification, the surface shall be free from visible oil, grease and dirt and from most of the mill scale, rust, paint coatings and foreign matter. Any residual contamination shall be firmly adhering.

18. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 18 ISO 8501-1 Abrasive Blast Cleaning (Sa) Sa 2½ Very thorough blast cleaning. When viewed without magnification, the surface shall be free from visible oil, grease and dirt and from poorly adhering mill scale, rust, paint coatings and foreign matter. Any remaining traces of contamination shall show only as slight stains in the form of spots or stripes. Sa 3 Blast cleaning to visually clean steel. When viewed without magnification, the surface shall be free from visible oil, grease and dirt, and shall be free from mill scale, rust, paint coatings and foreign matter. It shall have a uniform metallic colour.

19. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 19 0631-55 4932-76 ISO 8501 - 1 Standard for deciding preparation grades Left: Blast standard agreement Right: Hand tooling of C steel to St 2

20. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 20 ISO 8501 - 2 Surface preparation As for ISO 8501-1, but: For steel where previous coating has been removed locally, not completely.

21. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 21 PSa: Localised blast cleaning (grades 2, 2 ½ and 3) PSt: Localised hand and power tool cleaning (grades 2 and 3) PMa: Localised machine abrading (one grade) ISO 8501 - 2 Standard for deciding preparation grades

22. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 22 ISO 8501 - 3 Surface preparation. Design Visual assessment of surface design Preparation grades of welds, cut edges and surface imperfections.

23. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 23 Waterjetting ISO 8501-4 Preparation grades of coated and uncoated steel substrates after removal of rust and previous coatings by hugh=pressure water-jetting –Photographic standard in progress, showing grades DC A, DC B, DC C1, DC C2, DC D SSPC VIS-4 Guide and Reference Photographs for Steel Surfaces prepared by waterjetting. –WJ 1 Surface free of all rust, coatings, mill scale and foreign matter. –WJ 2 95% removed. –WJ 3 Two thirds removed. –WJ 4 All loose rust, mill scale and coatings removed.

24. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 24 ISO 8502 Assessment of surface cleanliness (1 of 2) Part 1Field test for soluble iron corrosion products Part 2Laboratory determination of chloride on cleaned surfaces. Part 3Assessment of dust on steel surfaces prepared for painting (pressure- sensitive tape method) Part 4Guidance on the estimation of the probability of condensation prior to paint application. Part 5Measurement of chloride on steel surfaces prepared for painting. Ion detector tube method.

25. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 25 ISO 8502 Assessment of surface cleanliness (2 of 2) Part 6 Extraction of soluble contaminants for analysis. The Bresle method. Part 9 Conductometric measurements of soluble salts

26. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 26 Approved Not approved TapeBlast cleaned steel ISO 8502-3 Assessment of dust Steel Surfaces Prepared for Painting.

27. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 27 1.Quantity ratings 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 corresponding to pictorial references 2.Dust size classes 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 ISO 8502 - 3 Assessment of dust Assessment of dust on steel surface prepared for painting

28. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 28 ISO 8502 - 3 Assessment of dust Left: Dust on steel beam Right: Control of dust according to standard 0866-13 0866-14

29. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 29 ISO 8502 - 3 Assessment of dust Assessment of dust on steel surface prepared for painting 1. Quantity ratings 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 corresponding to pictorial references 2. Dust size classes: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 Inspection / Dust_control1

30. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 30 ISO 8503 Surface roughness of blast-cleaned steel Part 1 Specifications and definitions for ISO surface profile comparatives for the assessment of abrasive blast-cleaned surfaces. Part 2 Method for the grading of surface profile of abrasive blast- cleaned steel - Comparator procedure. Part 3 Method for the calibration of ISO surface profile comparators and for the determination of surface profile- Focusing microscope procedure. Part 4 Method for the calibration of ISO surface profile comparators and for the determination of surface profile - Stylus instrument procedure

31. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 31 ISO 8503 Surface roughness Example of a reference comparator Surface profile comparator comprising four segments. Grit (G) Shot (S) Check if the profile is according to specification and the paint manufacturer’s recommendation Cd-4932-86

32. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 32 ISO 8503 - 1 Limits of profile grades a)Comparators for steel. Blast-cleaned with grit abrasives Fine (G) Profiles equal to segment 1 and up to, but excluding segment 2 (25-50 micr) Profiles equal to segment 2 and up to, but excluding segment 3 (50-85 micr) Profiles equal to segment 3 and up to, but excluding segment 4 (85-130 micr) Medium (G) Coarse (G) b)Comparators for steel. Blast-cleaned with shot abrasives Fine (S) Medium (S) Coarse (S) Profiles equal to segment 1 and up to, but excluding segment 2 (25-35 micr) Profiles equal to segment 2 and up to, but excluding segment 3 (35-60 micr) Profiles equal to segment 3 and up to, but excluding segment 4 (60-85 micr)

33. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 33 ISO 8503 - 1 Nominal values and tolerances a)Comparators for steel, blast-cleaned with grit abrasives SegmentNominal reading µm Tolerance µm 1253 26010 310015 415020 b)Comparators for steel, blast-cleaned with shot abrasives SegmentNominal reading µm Tolerance µm 1253 2405 37010 410015

34. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 34 R y – the maximum peak-to-valley height occuring over a sampling length

35. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 35 R y – the maximum peak-to-valley height occuring over a sampling length

36. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 36 R a – average roughness Ra = the mean distance of all points on the profile to the centre line Centre line

37. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 37 ISO 12944 General standard for corrosion protection: Part 1 General introduction. Part 2Classification of environments. Part 3Design considerations. Part 4Types of surface and surface preparation. Part 5Protective paint systems. Part 6Laboratory performance test methods. Part 7Execution and supervision of paint work. Part 8Development of specifications for new work and maintenance. Paints and varnishes - Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paints systems.

38. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 38 ISO 12944, CORROSION CLASSES

39. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 39 ISO 12944, CORROSION CLASSES

40. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 40

41. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 41 Checklist for coating selection

42. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 42 ISO 12944, SYSTEM EXAMPLES

43. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 43 ISO 12944, SYSTEM EXAMPLES

44. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 44 Specifications for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives. The standard consists of 5 parts Part 1Introduction Part 2Chilled iron grit Part 3High carbon cast steel shot and grit Part 4Low carbon cast steel shot Part 5Cut steel wire ISO 11124 Content of the standard

45. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 45 ISO 11125 Content of the standard Methods of test for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives. The standard consists of 8 parts Part 1Sampling Part 2Determination of particle size distribution Part 3Determination of hardness Part 4Determination of apparent density Part 5 Determination of defective particles and microstructure Part 6Determination of matter Part 7Determination of moisture Part 8Abrasive mechanical properties

46. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 46 Specification for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasive. The standard consists of 10 parts Part 1Introduction Part 2Silica sand Part 3Copper refinery slag Part 4Coal furnace slag Part 5Nickel refinery slag Part 6Iron furnace slag Part 7Fused aluminium oxide Part 8Olivine sand Part 9Staurolite Part 10Garnet ISO 11126 Content of the standard

47. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 47 ISO 11127 Content of the standard Test methods for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives. The standard consists of 8 parts Part 1Sampling Part 2Determination of particle size distribution Part 3Determination of apparent density Part 4Determination of hardness by a glass slide test Part 5Determination of moisture content Part 6Determination of water soluble contamination by conductive measurement Part 7Determination of water soluble chlorides Part 8Abrasive mechanical properties

48. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 48 Contamination of abrasives Water Oil and grease Chlorides Sulphates The abrasives can be contaminated with:

49. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 49 ISO 11127 - 5 Content of humidity of the abrasives Laboratory test Requirement: Maximum 0.2 %

50. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 50 ISO 11127 - 6 Content of water soluble contaminants A sample of 100 g. of the abrasives 100 ml of water Shake for 5 minutes and let rest for 1 hour Shake again for another 5 minutes Measure the conductivity at a temperature of 10 o C Conductivity measurements Requirement: Maximum conductivity of 25 mS/m

51. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 51 According to ASTM D 4940 Mix 300 ml of abrasive and 300 ml water Stir for 1 min. let stand for 8 min., stir again for 1 min. Oil content (AB-1) No presence of oil, either on top or as an emulsion after 30 min. How to check the abrasives Conductivity (AB-1) Fill the liquid for test and measure the conductivity. Max 25 mS/m

52. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 52 Is the abrasive free from oil and grease ? Put a handful of the abrasives into a beaker Pour clean, fresh water into the beaker Shake the mixture A film of oil will form on top of the water if oil or grease are present This is of particular importance to check when abrasives are recycled

53. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 53 Is the abrasive free from oil and grease ? ASTM D 4940 Put a handful of the abrasives into a beaker Pour clean, fresh water into the beaker Shake the mixture A film of oil will form on top of the water if oil or grease are present Shopprimer/ Abrasive_test1

54. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 54 Method 1: Method 2: Method 3: Method 4: Method 5: Determination of wet film thickness. Determination of dry-film thickness by calculation from mass Measurement of dry-film thickness by mechanically contacting method Measurement of dry-film thickness by the profilometer method Measurement of dry-film thickness using microscope method ISO 2808 - 97 Determination of film thickness (1 of 2)

55. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 55 Method 6: Method 7: Method 8: Method 9: Method 10: Magnetic method Eddy current method Non-contact methods Gravimetric method (dissolving methods) Determination of dry-film thickness on blast-cleaned steel substrates ISO 2808 - 97 Determination of film thickness: (2 of 2)

56. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 56 ISO 4628 Evaluation of degradation of paint coatings Designation of intensity, quantity and size of common types of defect

57. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 57 ISO 4628 Content of the Standard Part 1General principles and rating schemes Part 2Designation of degree of blistering Part 3Designation of degree of rusting Part 4Designation of degree of cracking Part 5Designation of degree of flaking Part 6Designation of degree of chalking The standard consists of six parts

58. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 58 ISO 4628 / 1 General principles and rating schemes Uniform deterioration. Rating scheme for designation the intensity of deterioration consisting of a uniform change in the visual appearance of the paint coating. RatingIntensity of change 0 1 2 3 4 5 unchanged, i.e. no perceptible change very slight, i.e. just perceptible change slight i.e. clearly perceptible change moderate, i.e. very clearly perceptible change considerable, i.e. pronounced change severe, i.e. intense change

59. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 59 ISO 4628 / 1 General principles and rating schemes Scattered defects. Rating scheme for designating the quantity of defects consisting of discontinuities or other local imperfections of the paint coating. Rating Quantity of defects (relative to a test surface area of 1 to 2 dm²) 0 1 2 3 4 5 none, i.e. no detectable defects very few, i.e. some just significant defects few, i.e. small but significant amount of defects Moderate, i.e. medium amount of defects considerable, i.e. serious amount of defects dense, i.e. dense pattern of defects

60. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 60 ISO 4628 / 1 General principles and rating schemes Rating scheme for designating the size (order of magnitude) of defects Class Size of defect 0 1 2 3 4 5 not visible under 10 X magnification only visible under magnification up to 10 X just visible with normal corrected vision clearly visible with normal corrected vision (up to 0,5 mm) range 0,5 to 5 mm larger than 5 mm

61. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 61 ISO 4628 / 1 Test report The test report shall contain at least the following information: a)the type and identification of the product tested b)a reference to this International Standard (ISO 4628/1) c)the type of defect d)the intensity of the defect (table 1) or, e)the quantity of the defect (table 2) f)the rating, if any, of the size of the defect in brackets preceded by the letter “S”. Examples: cratering of top coat : 2 (S3) whitening : 4 rivelling : 3 (S2)

62. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 62 ISO 4628 / 3 Designation of degree of rusting Rating Designate the degree of rust formation by reference to the pictorial standards DegreeArea rusted % Ri 0 Ri 1 Ri 2 Ri 3 Ri 4 Ri 5 0 0,05 0,5 1 8 40/50

63. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 63 Assessment of area ratio for coating breakdown 0.1 %.......... 1.0 % 10 % 30 % 3.0 % 20 %

64. Frosio 16A Standards, specifications & proceduresslide # 64 Standards and coating systems