1. HiRadMat Window Design report v4.0 1Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 2010

2. Specifications Interface between machine vacuum and Atmospheric pressure 10 -8 mbar / P atm Protective atmosphere !!! Aperture min 60 mm Resist to a proton beam size on the window : 1 = 0.5 mm Beam Size at the TT66 Vacuum Window, C. Hessler, 26.02.2010 2Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 2010

3. Headlines Be – PF-60 – Uranium Maximal temperature in Be ; double-checking – Value – Criterion – Conclusions about Window Integrity Specifications Final design – Presentation – Why is the Be foil not flatter on C-C in CNGS window design ? Thermal shockwave effects Price Future tasks Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 20103

4. Different grades of Be 4Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 2010 Data: Brush Wellman Luca Bruno said : IF there is Uranium, it is anyway in very low proportion. It should not be a problem for our study.

5. Be grade : PF-60 Low rate of Beryllium oxide compare to PS-200 – So higher purity Good quality-price ratio (Next slides…) – 1.5 to 2 time cheaper than IF-1 Almost the same temperature distribution as pure Be and IF-1 (IF-1 a bit better…) Data V3.0 Used in CNGS… Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 20105 Collaboration: J. Blanco

6. J. Blanco HiRadMat Be window Beam parameters at the window location –0.5mm sigma –450GeV – 288 bunches * 1.7E11 p+ –1/18 Hz. Temperature values * From A. Ferrari (EUROTeV-Report-2008-009) PF-60

7. J. Blanco CNGS Be window Beam parameters at the window location –0.53mm sigma at focal spot(not at window) -> difference from HiRadMat –400GeV –4.8E13 p+ –1/6 Hz. Temperature values (errors are in the order of 3% for FLUKA) * From A. Ferrari (EUROTeV-Report-2008-009) PF-60

8. J. Blanco Conclusions The Hottest spot using the FLUKA output approach gives a very conservative value, as it only occurs in a small region compare to the beam size. The analytical approach (formula): –Using dE/dx(stopping power), it gives a conservative upper limit. It doesnt consider that a fraction of the stopping power escapes from the window. –The restrictive dE/dx is more realistic, as it consider that a fraction of the stopping power is not deposited in the window.

9. Maximum temperature Maximum Value : 500°C Criterion – According to BW : Regarding the exposure of beryllium material to 500°C, please be advised that the material should survive that temperature for short periods of time – According to L. Bruno, if the load is carried by the C-C, the maximal temperature is: T max (K) = T recrystallization (K) = 0.5*T melting Point (K) T max (K) = T recrystallization (K) = 0.5*1546K = 773K = 500°C Conclusions : OK – Maybe beam test ? Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 20109

10. Design Specifications – Be & C-C – Aperture min. 60mm – DN63 conical plug-in flange – 15 cm depth maximum – Need to flatter Be on C-C (because of 500°C) Remark – Cannot machine Be at CERN Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 201010

11. Design Choices – Standard flanges only (cheaper) – Be window is assembled in lab (safety) – Conical flange (faster assembly once in experimental area) – Need to machine tube depending of carbon final thickness Design Conical Flange (plug-in flange) Tube (connection conical flange conflat flange) 2 x Conflat (Window in-between) Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 201011 HiRadMat – Option 1 Design: J. Kortesmaa & M. Monteil (TE/VSC)

12. CF Flange with Be foil Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 201012 Data: Brush Wellman

13. Why is the Be foil not flatter on C-C in CNGS window design ? CNGS Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 201013 Nota: Those drawing are drafts. Above dimensions are not representative of the reality According to J.M. Jimenez : Main idea behind window design was to avoid touching the sflange from BW. JMJ agrees that HiRadMat design is better and he just noticed that we might need to machine the inner diameter of the gasket

14. Few important (& positive) remarks Tightness of foil : Warranty by BW Tightness between CF standard flanges : Experimented standard assembly Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 201014

15. Thermal shockwave effects Window flatter on C-C High stiffness and also no axial displacement So no more axial vibration mode Calculation (If window not flattered, so conservative) If c*t0 > r0 and r0 << R then SigmaMax < 2*r0/(c*t0)*E*Alpha*T0 Results : Sigma < 21 MPa Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 201015 Where r0 : heated region (spot) (0.5e-3m) t0 : heating period (7.2e-6 s) C : celerity (15e3 m/s) R : radius of window (0.035 m) E : 303 Gpa Alpha : 15e-6 m/m-°C T0 : Sudden temperature rise (500°C)

16. CF Flange with Be foil Number of flange to order : 2 – Spare : 1 – Window installed : 1 Price –1944 $ * 2 = 3888 $ Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 201016 Data: Brush Wellman

17. To do : Order Beryllium – Delivery: 4 Weeks ARO for flanges (Option 1) Cut C-C disks – Measure thickness – Machining tube (According to calculation, deflection of Be foil is about 0.5mm) Assembly Test – Check that Be foil is flatter on C-C Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 201017

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19. V3.0 slides Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 201019

20. Solutions - Sum-up #1: C-C (Differential pumping) – Protective atm (Nitrogen ?) – Radiations? #2: C-C + Graphite foil (useless now) #3: Tight steel ring with a C-C plate #4: Beryllium – Safety problem #5: C-C + Beryllium Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 201020 Today

21. TED @ TI2, TT40 – Beryllium version TED @ TI2, TT40HiRadMat – Option 2 Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 201021

22. TED @ TI2, TT40 – Beryllium version Quote from BW Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 201022

23. 2 design proposals Option 1Option 2 +Not that much -Precautions for the assembly -Non Standard conflat assembly (Tightness) -Might be careful to not cut (shear cut) the Be foil during assembly Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 201023 +Life warranty on Be + flange assembly +Easy to assembly +Standard conflat assembly +Tightness OK -Not that much Nota: Those drawing are drafts. Above dimensions are not representative of the reality

24. 2 design proposals Cost estimation Be Foil Option 1 Option 2 Number of foil to order : 3 – Spare : 1 – Window installed : 1 – In case we break a foil while assembling : 1 Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 201024 Number of flange to order : 2 – Spare : 1 – Window installed : 1 Nota: Those drawing are drafts. Above dimensions are not representative of the reality

25. 2 design proposals Cost estimation Be Foil Option 1 Flange Option 2 Foil Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 201025 Nota: Those drawing are drafts. Above dimensions are not representative of the reality

26. About thickness, how does BW design their own Be foils? With (Thickness 0.25mm, radius 35mm, pressure 1.01 kPa, E 303Gpa, Poisson 0.08) Results – edge = 305MPa > 275 Mpa !! – center = 297Mpa > 275 Mpa !! Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 201026 Data: Brush Wellman

27. However… BW : With confirm that your calculations with reference to the DB450277 assembly are correct and show over the recommended values, however, the assembly was designed using empirical data as well taking into consideration the calculated values. We have performed tests on this design and found it to be reliable, with units sold to customers over the years performing well under real-life conditions. Explanation – Because of plasticity effects, Be foil withstands 1 Atm (according to BW tests) even if Roarks calculation says that it doesnt withstand Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 201027 Data: Brush Wellman

28. To know Be have ultra high resistance to fatigue cracking High endurance strength level Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 201028 Data: Brush Wellman

29. Solutions #5 stresses and deflection - C-C+Be under P = 1 atm Linear circular fixed support 2 planes of symmetry Geometry – Diameter 80 mm – Thickness: 0.254 mm – Aperture: 60 mm Pressure 1 atm 29Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 2010

30. ANSYS Study - Solutions #5 stresses and deflection - C-C+Be under P = 1 atm Beryllium foil study – Smooth and continuous temperature distribution – Through-thickness energy deposition – Coefficient of Thermal Expansion varying with temperature – Be (pure elasticity): Poissons ratio = 0.08 High R e = 303 Mpa 30Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 2010

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42. Conclusion: influence of gap reducing So if we flatter the foil on the C-C, we reduce the Max stress (as shows ANSYS calculation with non plasticity model), maybe also stay in elastic domain (Bellow 275Mpa at room Temp). We will manage to reduce this gap (flattering the Be foil as much as possible on C-C plate) Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 201042

43. Easiness to reduce Gap C-C / Be Option 1Option 2 Michael MONTEIL - 29 April 201043