1. SINGLY REINFORCED SECTION

3. INTERNAL FORCES IN EQUILIBRIUM

4. MOMENT OF RESISTANCE WITH RESPECT TO STEEL MOMENT OF RESISTANCE WITH RESPECT TO CONCRETE

5. In design, EC2 limits x to not exceeding 0.45d in order to avoid the sudden failure exhibited by an over-reinforced section. When x = x bal = 0.45d, M represents ultimate moment of resistance of singly reinforced section or balanced moment, M bal ULTIMATE MOMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SINGLY REINFORCED SECTION

6. EXAMPLE 2.1

7. SOLUTION

11. EXERCISE 2.1

12. EXAMPLE 2.2

13. DOUBLY REINFORCED SECTION

15. INTERNAL FORCES INTERNAL FORCES IN EQUILIBRIUM

16. LEVER ARM MOMENT OF THE TENSION STEEL

17. FOR DESIGN PURPOSE, X = 0.45d AREA OF COMPRESSION REINFORCEMENT

18. MULTIPLYING EQN 2.5 BY z

19. AREA OF TENSION REINFORCEMENT

20. DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR RECTANGULAR SECTION

22. EXAMPLE 2.3

23. EXAMPLE 2.4

24. EXAMPLE 2.5