1. Assignment Name:-Planning Tools Submit To:- Sir Fahad Maqbool Submit By:-Zunera Latif Roll No:- 27860 (1.5 year) Registration No:-2017-GCUF- Government College University Faisalabad PLAN IMPLEMENTATION

2. PLANNING Planning is based on the theory of “thinking before acting”. Planning is an part of our life. We make plans in each and every step of life. "Planning is usually interpreted as a process to develop a strategy to achieve desired objectives, to solve problems, and to facilitate action“ (Mitchell 2002, 6). “Planning is deciding in advance, what is to be done. When a manager plans, he projects a course of action for the future, attempting to achieve a consistent, coordinated structure of operations aimed at the desired results.” (Haimann)

3. “Planning is the thinking process, the organized foresight, the vision based on fact and experience that is required for intelligent action.” (Alford and Beaty) “Planning is deciding in advance what is to be done. It involves the selection of objectives, policies, procedures and programs from among alternatives.” (ME. Hurley) PLANNING

5. Planning Tools are instruments that help guide organizational action steps related to implementation of an initiative, program, or intervention. They may provide detailed descriptions about the county implementation plan and how it was developed. PLANNING TOOLS

6. 1.Affinity Diagram (KJ Method) 2.Interrelationship Diagram (ID) 3.Tree Diagram 4.Prioritization Matrix 5.Matrix Diagram or quality table 6.Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC) 7.Activity Network Diagram SEVEN MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING TOOLS

7. Affinity DiagramAffinity Diagram: organizes a large number of ideas into their natural relationships Affinity diagramsAffinity diagrams are a special kind of brainstorming tool that organize large amounts of disorganized data and information into groupings based on natural relationships.brainstorming It was created in the 1960s by the Japanese anthropologist Jiro Kawakita. It is also known as KJ diagram, after Jiro Kawakita. An Affinity Diagram is used when: 1) You are confronted with many facts or ideas in apparent chaos. 2) Issues seem too large and complex to grasp. AFFINITY DIAGRAMS

8. InterRelations Diagram:InterRelations Diagram: shows cause-and-effect relationships and helps you analyze the natural links between different aspects of a complex situation. This tool displays all the interrelated cause-and- effect relationships and factors involved in a complex problem and describes desired outcomes. The process of creating an interrelationship diagram helps a group analyze the natural links between different aspects of a complex situation.cause-and- effect INTERRELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM (ID)

9. Tree Diagram:Tree Diagram: breaks down broad categories into finer and finer levels of detail, helping you move your thinking step by step from generalities to specifics. This tool is used to break down broad categories into finer and finer levels of detail. It can map levels of details of tasks that are required to accomplish a goal or solution or task. Developing a tree diagram directs concentration from generalities to specifics.tree diagram TREE DIAGRAM

10. This tool is used to prioritize items and describe them in terms of weighted criteria. It uses a combination of tree and matrix diagramming techniques to do a pair- wise evaluation of items and to narrow down options to the most desired or most effective. Popular applications for the Prioritization Matrix include return on investment (ROI) or Cost–benefit analysis (investment vs. return), time management matrix (urgency vs. importance), etc.matrix diagrammingreturn on investmentCost–benefit analysistime management matrix PRIORITIZATION MATRIX

11. Matrix Diagram:Matrix Diagram: shows the relationship between two, three or four groups of information and can give information about the relationship, such as its strength, the roles played by various individuals, or measurements. This tool shows the relationship between two or more sets of elements. At each intersection, a relationship is either absent or present. It then gives information about the relationship, such as its strength, the roles played by various individuals or measurements. The matrix diagram enables you to analyze relatively complex situations by exposing interactions and dependencies between things. Six differently shaped matrices are possible: L, T, Y, X, C, R and roof-shaped, depending on how many groups must be compared. MATRIX DIAGRAM OR QUALITY TABLE

12. Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC):Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC): systematically identifies what might go wrong in a plan under development. A useful way of planning is to break down tasks into a hierarchy, using a tree diagram. The PDPC extends the tree diagram a couple of levels to identify risks and countermeasures for the bottom level tasks. Different shaped boxes are used to highlight risks and identify possible countermeasures (often shown as 'clouds' to indicate their uncertain nature). The PDPC is similar to the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) in that both identify risks, consequences of failure, and contingency actions; the FMEA also rates relative risk levels for each potential failure point.PDPCFailure Modes and Effects Analysis PROCESS DECISION PROGRAM CHART (PDPC)

13. This tool is used to plan the appropriate sequence or schedule for a set of tasks and related subtasks. It is used when subtasks must occur in parallel. The diagram helps in determining the critical path (longest sequence of tasks). The Purpose is to help people sequentially define, organize, and manage a complex set of activities.critical path ACTIVITY NETWORK DIAGRAM

14.  Rather than using ad-hoc and own methods for planning and decision making, use of these well-defined and proven methods will help the user complete the task faster and easily.  Also, time spent on unnecessary analysis and research is reduced by using these tools.  These tools guide the users to success on various aspects like planning, decision making, arriving at the root cause and other significant business activities.  Using a standardized and universally accepted tools and techniques wins acceptance and confidence among clients and other business engagements. BENEFITS OF USING THE SEVEN MANAGEMENT TOOLS:

15. THANK YOU