1. Exploring Wind Energy

2. What Makes Wind Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project

3. Global Wind Patterns Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project

4. History of Wind Energy 5000 BC Sailboats used on the Nile indicate the power of wind 500-900 AD First windmills developed in Persia 1300 AD First horizontal-axis windmills in Europe 1850s Daniel Halladay and John Burnham build Halladay Windmill; start US Wind Engine Company Late 1880s Thomas O. Perry conducted 5,000 wind experiments; starts Aermotor Co mpany 1888 Charles F. Brush used windmill to generate electricity in Cleveland, OH Early 1900s Windmills in CA pumped saltwater to evaporate ponds 1941 In VT, Grandpa’s Knob turbine supplies power to town during WWII 1979 First wind turbine rated over 1 MW began operating 1985 CA wind capacity exceeded 1,000 MW 1993 US WindPower developed first commercial variable-speed wind turbine 2004 Electricity from wind generation costs 3 to 4.5 cents per kWh 2013 Wind power provided over 17% of renewable energy used in US Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project

5. Why Wind Energy? Clean, zero emissions NOx, SO2, CO, CO2 Air quality, water quality Climate change Reduce fossil fuel dependence Energy independence Domestic energy—national security Renewable No fuel-price volatility Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project

6. Renewable Electric Capacity Worldwide Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project US DOE, EERE 2015 Renewable Energy Data Book

7. Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project US Electricity Generation from Non- Hydro Renewables

8. Top Wind Power Producing States, 2015 Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project RankStateMillion kWhRankStateMillion kWh 1Texas44,95914New York3,956 2Iowa17,87815Wyoming3,768 3Oklahoma14,01816Pennsylvania3,352 4California12,22817Nebraska3,154 5Kansas10,92718South Dakota2,481 6Illinois10,73319Idaho2,457 7Minnesota9,79720New Mexico2,067 8Colorado7,44121Montana1,962 9Washington7,10122Wisconsin1,641 10Oregon6,67523West Virginia1,376 11North Dakota6,53024Maine1,273 12Michigan4,77825Ohio1,206 13Indiana4,516

9. Annual Installed U.S. Wind Power Capacity Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project AWEA U.S. Wind Industry Annual Market Report Year Ending 2016

10. Installed Wind Capacities |1999-Present Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project 1999 Total: 2,500 MW As of 10/17/2017 Total: 84,407 MW

11. Wind Energy Potential by State Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project

12. U.S. Wind Resource Map Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project

13. Transmission Challenges Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project

14. China Leads the World in Wind Capacity Source: Global Wind Energy Council

15. Why Such Growth? …costs are low! Increased Turbine Size R&D Advances Manufacturing Improvements 1979 40 cents/kWh 2000 4-6 cents/kWh 2004 3-4.5 cents/kWh 2011 Less than 5 cents/kWh Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project

16. Modern Wind Turbines Turbines can be categorized into two classes based on the orientation of the rotor. Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project

17. Vertical-Axis Turbines Advantages Omni-directional accepts wind from any direction Components can be mounted at ground level ease of service lighter weight towers Can theoretically use less materials to capture the same amount of wind Disadvantages Rotors generally near ground where wind is poorer Centrifugal force stresses blades Poor self-starting capabilities Requires support at top of turbine rotor Requires entire rotor to be removed to replace bearings Overall poor performance and reliability Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project

18. Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbines Small (<10 kW ) Homes Farms Remote Applications (e.g., water pumping, Telecom sites, ice making) Large (250 kW-2+ MW) Central Station Wind Farms Distributed Power Schools Intermediate(10-250 kW) Village Power Hybrid Systems Distributed Power Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project

19. Large Wind Turbines Common Utility-Scale Turbines 328’ base to blade Each blade is 112’ 200 tons total Foundation 20’ deep Rated at 1.5-2 megawatts Supply about 500 homes Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project

20. Wind Turbine Components

21. How a Wind Turbine Operates

22. Installation of Wind Turbines Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project

23. Wind Turbine Perspective Nacelle 56 tons Tower 3 sections Workers Blade 112’ long Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project

24. Wind Farms Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project

25. Offshore Wind Farms Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project

26. Residential Wind Systems and Net Metering Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project

27. Potential Impacts and Issues Property Values Noise Visual Impact Land Use Wildlife Impact Properly siting a wind turbine can mitigate many of these issues. Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project

28. Impacts of Wind Power: Noise

29. Wildlife Impacts Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project

30. For More Information The NEED Project www.need.org info@need.org 1-800-875-5029 Energy Information Administration U.S. Department of Energy www.eia.gov Exploring Wind - 10/19/17 - ©The NEED Project

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