1. Would You Hire an Ex Con? Devah Pager

2. Labeling Theory Primary Deviance: Norm violation that can often quickly be forgotten. Has a minor corrective penalty & the offender proceeds for the most part with normal, law abiding behavior (Lemert 1954) Secondary Deviance: the act or acts of deviance becomes the primary identity of the person that has been labeled internalizes. This often leads to blocking legitimate opportunities and creates more deviance (Lemert 1954)

5. Would You Hire an Ex- Con? In this reading, you will learn about: 1.Stigma and what its effects are (Labeling Theory) 2.The Qualitative side of the study shows us the differing attitudes toward employment & criminal record 3.The Quantitative portion allows us to try to measure the effects of labeling *Recidivism: Returning to Prison

6. Would You Hire an Ex-Con? Research up to this point has shown correlation/ association between having a criminal record and employment. What is the importance of studying this topic?

7. Would You Hire an Ex-Con? How does the study design account for potential confounding factors? Since criminal record is what Dr. Pager wants to test, the study must account for & equalize everything but criminal record.

8. Would You Hire an Ex-Con? Why does Dr. Pager decide on this particular crime for the actors? Quantitative Results: What are the results of the white test group? What can we say is the result of the stigma of having a criminal record on employment?

9. 34% 17% 14% 5% Black White Ex Con Ex- Con Call Back Results No record No record

10. Would You Hire an Ex-Con? Quantitative Results (contd): Compare the 50% call back rate of the white actors to the callback rate of the black actors Now compare the callbacks of the White Ex Con to the Black test subject with no criminal record.

11. Would You Hire an Ex-Con? Qualitative Results: How do the actors describe the change in the tone of the interview when they get to the question about criminal record? Do all employers have the same attitude about hiring Ex Cons? Is there a trend in what jobs seem to be “OK” to hire ex cons

12. Would You Hire an Ex-Con? What happens if Ex Cons cannot find gainful employment? How should our society handle this problem? Does incarceration lead to more crime?

13. Would You Hire an Ex-Con? If its your business, would you hire an Ex Con? What are the qualifying factors?

14. Would You Hire an Ex-Con?