1. Report Writing

2. Outline Introduction Types of Reports How to Write Reports Anatomy of a Report Conclusion References

3. DEFINITION Reports are designed to convey and record information that will be of practical use to the reader. It is organized into discrete units of specific and highly visible information

4. How We Communicate CVs, Resumes Email, Web site Letters, Newsletters, Brochures, Articles, Catalogs Advertisements, Notice Board, Pamphlets, Signs, Press Release Presentations, multimedia, talks Reports, Manuals, Proposals, Books

5. Which Reports? Annual Reports Sales Reports Feasibility Reports Inspection Reports Audit Reports Progress Reports

6. Technical Writing Reports Proposals User Manuals Technical Manuals White Papers

7. Classification of Reports Formal Reports and Informal Reports Information Reports Analytical Reports Recommendation Reports

8. 5 Steps to Report Writing 1 1 1.Define the problem 2.Gather the necessary information 3.Analyze the information 4.Organize the information 5.Write the report

9. TYPES OF REPORTS Informational Inform or instruct – present information Reader sees the details of events, activities or conditions. No analysis of the situation, no conclusion, no recommendations.

10. Analytical Written to solve problems Information is analyzed. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made

11. Persuasive An extension of analytical reports main focus is to: – sell an idea – a service – product Proposals are the most common type.

12. Typical Business Reports Periodic Operating Reports To monitor and control production, sales, shipping, service, etc. Situational Report To describe one-time events, such as trips, conferences, and seminars. Investigative/Informational To examine problems and supply facts – with little analysis.

13. Report / Purpose: Feasibility To analyze problems and predict whether alternatives will be practical or advisable. Research Studies To study problems scientifically by analyzing a problem, developing hypotheses, collecting data, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. Proposals To offer to solve problems, investigate ideas, or sell products and services.

14. Organizing Reports Comparison/contrast Problem-solution Elimination of alternatives General to particular Geographic or spatial Functional Chronological

15. Words, Words, Words UK English and US English –I–International English and Pakistani English Denotation and Connotation –L–Let me know when you’re free next week for a meeting. –C–Could you let me know what times you have free? Tone –A–Ahmed is hung up on trivial details. –A–Ahmed is meticulous and takes care of details that others sometimes ignore.

16. Writing Style Brief writing style –O–Omit needless words –C–Combine sentences –R–Rewrite –C–Campus Jewelers’ main objective is to increase sales. Specifically, the objective is to double sales in the next five years by becoming a more successful business. –C–Campus Jewelers’ objective is to double sales in the next five years.

17. We do IT in Style! Chicago Manual of Style Elements of Style by Strunk & White Dictionary Microsoft Manual of Style AMA Style Guide

18. Anatomy of a Report Cover Page Title Page Letter of Transmittal Table of Contents List of Illustrations Executive Summary Report Body

19. Introduction – Purpose and Scope;Limitations, Assumptions, and Methods Background/History of the Problem Body – Presents and interprets data Conclusions and Recommendations References or Works Cited Appendixes – Interview transcripts, questionnaires, question tallies, printouts, and previous reports

20. Letter of Transmittal Background Summarize conclusions and recommendations Minor problems. Thank those who helped. Additional research necessary Thank the reader. Offer to answer questions.

21. Sales Proposal Budget Objectives Strategy and Tactics Schedule Results Closing

22. Document Design Use no more than 5 fonts. Use no more than 5 colors. Use glossy paper. Use white space. Use templates. Use parallelism. Avoid double emphasis.

23. Future Reports Proposals 250-page reports 90-minute oral presentation 50-page summary Reports Multi-media Web

24. FAQ and CE Questions – You, We, I – personal pronouns – Standards for reports – How long? Common Errors – It’s a common error! Its consequences are great! – Singular & Plural errors. – Neutrality (he/she, John)

25. Reference 1.Business Communication, Kity O Locker and Stephen Kyo Kaczmarek, 2004 2.“A Decent Proposal” by John Fellows, www.sellingpower.com, 2002 www.sellingpower.com 3.Better Business Writing, The Sunday Times