1. Technologies for Nursery Management (vegetables & orchards)

2. Contents 1 Nursery structures (internal and external structure equipment) 2 Nursery coverings like glass polyethylene, and Reinforced Plastic forcing structure use for plant raising etc. 5 Nursery disease and pest management 4 Composting growing media, micronutrients 3 Seeder cum bed makers 6 Safety measures for workers 7 Tools/machinery used in plants raising

3. 1.Work shed: 6 m x 4.5 m with thatch roofs and materials like bamboo, wood. 2.Polyhouses: 9 m x 4 m dimension with 90 cm, brick wall, 3.6 m tall rhombus netting with expanded metal and polythene roof supported by bamboo, wood and planks. 3.Store-cum-office: 6.0 m x 4.5 m with available material. 4.Fencing: A goat proof fencing will be effective for a nursery. Nursery structures (internal & external structure equipment)

4. The eight most common types of synthetic organic polymers, which are commonly found in households are: 1. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) 2. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) 3. Polypropylene (PP) 4. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 5. Polystyrene (PS) 6. Nylon, nylon 6, nylon 6,6. 7. Teflon (Polytetrafluoroethylene) 8. Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) Nursery coverings like glass polyethylene and Reinforced Plastic forcing structure use for plant raising etc.

5. i. Seed bed and nursery beds ii. Collection and planting of mother plants iii. Storage of dried, cleaned soil and compost manure iv. Production of flower seeds v. Storage of propagated plants in nursery beds vi. Manuring vii. Watering viii. Drainage ix.Plant protection x.Harvesting: Seeder cum bed makers

6. Composting growing media, micronutrients i) Composting: Composting process is dependent upon the environmental conditions present within the composting system i.e. oxygen, temperature, moisture, material disturbance, organic matter and the size and activity of microbial populations. ii) Composting is nature's way of recycling: Composting biodegrades organic waste. i.e. food waste, manure, leaves, grass trimmings, paper, wood, feathers, crop residue etc., and turns it into a valuable organic fertilizer. iii) Growing media: Different types of growing media are used to cultivate various plants. Growing media may also be known as grow media, culture medium, or substrate.

7. Composting growing media, micronutrients iv) Green garden wastes: Clean cardboard (i.e. brown, white or coloured card which is free from plastic, metals, non-biodegradable coatings and plastic fittings such as lids). Clean wood wastes (which must not contain any plastic coatings or veneers, preservatives or metals such as staples and nails).

8. Composting growing media, micronutrients v) Food processing wastes (including or excluding meat)

9. Composting growing media, micronutrients vi) Domestic and commercial kitchen and catering wastes (including or excluding meat). Manures/animal bedding of animal origin. These are permitted feed stocks for compost. Manures, slurries and animal bedding are not sourced from livestock that have grazed on land or forage treated with persistent herbicides.

10. Nursery disease and pest management Pests and diseases occur on nurseries because cultivated plants are more susceptible. Growing large numbers of the same species can encourage disease-causing organisms and pests to establish and spread. An effective hygiene programme is important to succeed in growing plants profitably. Understanding the effects of the environment on crops and their potential pest/pathogen is essential.

11. Nursery disease and pest management Five key control methods Exclusion Prevention Eradication Protection

12. Safety measures for workers  Elimination of the source of hazard  Replacement of the source of hazard  Reduction of hazards stemming from the source  Isolation of the source of hazard  Protection of personnel using PPE or other equipment  Make a point of training workers: Before they start working at the site On the importance of good housekeeping and following the site rules On lifting weight At regular interval On the use of work equipment

13. Tools/machinery used in plants raising  Digging Tools Shovels Spades Forks Hoe Rake Cultivator Post hole digger Weed whacker Trowel/trans planter Weeders, Bulb Planter

14. Tools/machinery used in plants raising  Watering Tools Hose Pipes Sprinklers

15. Tools/machinery used in plants raising  Cutting Tools Flower Shears Hedge Shears Secateurs Hand Pruners Loppers Pruning Saws Axes Scissors

16. Tools/machinery used in Nursery plants raising  Planting Tools Trowels Dibbers Bulb Planters

17. Tools/machinery used in plants raising  Transporting Equipment’s Wheel barrows Plastic yard cart

18. Tools/machinery used in plants raising  Other tools Gloves Sprayers