2. Integrated Pest Management Control Methods A Presentation By Mr. Allah Dad Khan

4. Components of IPM 1. Surveillance 2. Biological Control /Natural Control 3. Mechanical Control 4. Physical Control 5. Cultural control 6. Genetic Control 7. Regulatory /Legislative control 8. Host Plant Resistance 9. Behavioral methods 9. Chemical Methods

5. Pest surveillance Monitoring and surveillance across a farm involves looking for and recording the presence, absence and population levels of pests. Conducting regular monitoring is a fundamental part of farm management practice and gives the best chance of spotting a new pest soon after it arrives. Pest surveillance is necessary for: 1.Exotic Pest eradication 2.Market access 3.Improved pest management 4.Pest Status information 5.Organic grains

6. Beneficial surveillance An integrated approach to pest management is important in controlling unwanted pests within an organic farming system. One element might be encouraging beneficial insects or pathogens that naturally occur within your farming system, to prey on, parasitise or attack unwanted pests (beneficials). Knowing the beneficials that live on, or in the vicinity of, your farm can help to keep pest populations at levels that do not require control, or stop them from spreading onto your farm from neighbouring areas. Surveillance for beneficials can be as useful as monitoring pest populations.

24. Mechanical Control Methods What is mechanical method of pest control? Mechanical control is the management of pests by physical means such as the use of a barrier (e.g., screens or row covers), trapping, weeding or removal of thepest by hand. It may also involve changing the physical conditions in a given area, for example, changing the temperature to make an area unfavorable forpests.

25. Mechanical/physical control Physical control refers to mechanical or hand controls where the pest is actually attacked and destroyed. Physical controls are used mostly in weed control. Tillage, fire, removal by hand, grazing and mowing are all used to destroy weeds and prevent reproduction. Some insects may also be destroyed by tillage, which destroys their eggs or overwinter stages of growth. Weeds are not controlled through a single operation.

26. Mechanical Control Methods 1. Strip Harvesting 2. Swatting ( Blow) 3. Sifting ( Sieving) 4. Early swathing 5. Mowing 6. Combing 7. Brushing 8. Crushing 9. Hand Picking 10. Hooking 11. Tillage 12. Summer fallow 13. Pre-seeding tillage 14. Post-seeding tillage

27. 15.Post emergence tillage 16.Inter-row tillage 17.Fall tillage 18.Grazing System 19.Grazing animal 20.Fire 21. Mechanical trapping 22.Netting 23.Trenching 24.Water barrier 25.Tim barrier ( Sheet in trunk) 26.Banding 27.Trapping ( Rat trapes) 28.Electric fencing 29.Insect proof packing

29. Physical Method 1.Temperature manipulation 2.High lethal temperature 3.Sun drying of grains 4. Hot water treatment of seed 5.Flaming ( Flame thrower) 6.Cold storage, 7. Moisture manipulation 8. Light manipulation ( Light trapes) 9. Electromagnetic energy 10.Infrared radiation 11. Sound Energy 12. Acetylene exploder 13.Fire cracker 14. Bird scarer

30. Cultural Control of Pests

31. Cultural Control incudes contd 1. Resistance Cultivar/ varieties 2. Certified Plants 3. Crop rotation 4. Companion planting Or intercropping 5. Timing of planting,and harvesting 6. Sanitation of field 7. Soil management 8. Mulches 9. Composting 10. Tillage 11. Flaming 12. Vacuuming 13. Trap crops 14. Soil solarization 15. Off season management and cover crops 16. Wind breaks

39. Genetic control of pest in Plants Genetic control is a form of biological control of pest species which exploits the insect's mate-seeking expertise to introduce genetic abnormalities (typically, but not necessarily, dominant lethal mutations) into the eggs of the wild population. The effectiveness of radiation-sterilized males depends on the mating competitiveness of released males being adequate in relation to the recovery potential of and rate of immigration into the target population. This technique is now being applied on a very large scale against agricultural pests especially in Mexico, Egypt and Japan.

40. Host Plant Resistance

53. Legislative Control/Regulatory control Legal control tactics, therefore, include all forms oflegislation and regulation that might prevent establishment or reduce spread of an insectpopulation. Plant Quarantine Act 1976 and Pakistan Plant Quarantine Rules 1967 were enacted by the Government for preventing the introduction and spread of exotic pests and diseases which could be destructive to field crops, horticulture, floriculture and forests. Revised in 2006

54. Regulatory control 1.Plant Quarantine 2.Quality Control 3.Eradication Campaign

56. Behavioral control

65. Chemical Control