1. Do Now: Why did the United States join the war?
A Flawed Peace
Do Now: Why did the United States join the war?

2. Objectives Students will… W.31,32
Analyze the aims and negotiating roles of world leaders at the Paris Peace Conference.
Compare the conflicting aims and aspirations of the conferees at Versailles and the treaty of Versailles’ economic and moral effects on Germany.
W.31,32

3. The Allies Win the War Russia Withdraws
Civil unrest in Russia forces Czar to step down from throne in 1917.
Communists soon take control of Russia’s government.
Russia signs a treaty with Germany in March 1918, pulls out of war.

4. Collapse of Germany and Austria-Hungary
Nov. 3, 1918, A-H surrendered
Nov. 9, Germ soldiers mutinied
Kaiser Wilhelm II gave up throne
Nov. 11, GM surrendered.
Final Toll:
22 mill. Died (100k Americans; 60% disease
20 mill. Union wounded; 10 mill. refugees

5. WWI Total Casualties Belgium 45,550 GB 942,135 France 1,368,000
Greece ,098
Italy ,000
Japan ,344
Montenegro 3,000
Portugal ,145
Romania ,000
Russia ,700,000
Serbia ,000
U.S ,516
A-H 1,200,000
Bulgaria ,495
Germany 1,935,000
Ottoman Empire 725,000

6. Wilson’s Plan for Peace
Wilson proposes Fourteen Points—an outline for lasting world peace
Calls an end to alliances and military buildups
Promotes self-determination—right of people decide for themselves what government they wished to live

7. Fourteen Points League of Nations End of secret treaties
Freedom of the seas
Free trade
Arms reductions
Adjustment of colonial claims
Settlement of questions regarding Russian territory
Restoration of Belgium
Restoration of France’s territories including Alsace- Lorraine
Readjustment of Italy’s borders
Peoples of Austria-Hungary given self-determination
Serbia given access to the sea and can join with other Balkan states (Yugoslavia created).
Turkish portion of Ottoman empire sovereign, but other portions given self- determination. Dardanelles open to as shipping passage to all nations.
Independent Poland
League of Nations

8. Setting the Stage WWI was over in November 1918
In January 1919, a conference was held at the Palace of Versailles

9. Palace of Versailles

10. Key Leaders Come Together
“The Big Four” dominated the peace talks in Paris at Versailles.
Woodrow Wilson
Georges Clemenceau
David Lloyd George
Vittorio Orlando

11. Treaty of Versailles Simulation

12. How did you do? War Guilt Clause – GM solely responsible for the war.
Reparations
War Guilt Clause – GM forced to pay the Allied $33 billion in reparations over 30 years.
German Military
Reduce size of GM army; prohibited from importing/manufacturing weapons or war materials.
German Colonies
GM surrenders all of its overseas colonies in AF & the Pacific
Rhineland
French control Rhineland
Alsace & Lorraine
Returned to France
League of Nations
Int’l peace organization; enemy & neutral nations initially excluded; GM & RU excluded.

13. The Versailles Treaty
Allies and Germany sign the Treaty of Versailles in 1919
Creates League of Nations—international organization to keep peace.

14. Treaty’s Effect on Germany
Loss of territory
Military restrictions
“War guilt”
Germanys colonies were declared mandates
$ Reparations $

15. Treaty’s Effect on Other Central Powers
New nations: Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, Poland, and Yugoslavia (formerly Austria-Hungary)
Ottoman Empire was forced to give up almost their entire empire
They only retained what is modern day Turkey

16. Europe Pre-World War I

17. New European Countries Post World War I
Estonia-land lost by Russia
Latvia-land lost by Russia
Lithuania-land lost by Russia
Poland-restored from land lost by Germany and Russia
Czechoslovakia
Austria
Hungary
Romania-gained land
Yugoslavia

18. “A Peace Build on Quicksand”
Treaty of Versailles creates feelings of bitterness in Germany
Broke, demoralized, depressed
America never ratifies Treaty of Versailles
Many Americans oppose League of Nations and involvement with Europe
Some former colonies express anger over not winning independence
Japan and Italy- both entered to war to get territory- gained less land than they wanted
LON – no real effectiveness
“All bark and no bite”
OVERALL- Treaty of Versailles was BAD

19. Exit Ticket
How do you think the end of WWI will contribute to setting the stage for WWII?
Treaty of Versailles, League of Nations, War Guilt Clause, Reparations