1. POST-WWII DEVELOPMENTS
Major Rascon

2. SOURCES Jones, The Art of War in the Western World, pp. 596-612
Preston and Wise, Men In Arms, pp
Weigley, American Way of War, pp

3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Comprehend the origins of the Cold War and the emergence of the United States as the Dominant military power.
2. Know the evolution of the National
Security Act of 1947.

4. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Assess the impact of potential nuclear proliferation on the U.S. defense policy.
4. Explain the origins of the Truman Doctrine and NSC-68.

5. END OF WWII War becomes total and universal
War deaths total 22 million
New nations formed
Weapons developed require moral considerations

6. SCIENTISTS ENGAGED Many new developments occurred Proximity fuse RADAR
RDX (TNT x 2)

7. ATOMIC REVOLUTION A-bomb marked a new era
Exponential jump in weapon’s killing effectiveness
Catalyst of the cold war
Introduced the idea of deterrence

8. ATOMIC REVOLUTION (cont)
Strategic bombing became dominant form of war
U.S. favored manned bomber delivery
Target selection became an issue
Offense had decisive advantage
-first strike wins

9. RUSSIAN A-BOMB Late 1949 – Citizen Kurchatov
Caused U.S. to develop a more appropriate deterrence policy
U.S. forced to take the possibility of total war seriously

10. COLD WAR BEGINS Russian Deterrence- unwilling to live and let live
Russians ideology consisted of one goal
-world domination
American Deterrence
Isolation and political liberation
Let live as long as security was not threatened

11. Capitalism and Communism Collide
After WWII, world was divided into two camps….
World nations had no choice but to align with one or the other
Eisenhower- “Two atomic powers eye each other across a defenseless world.”

12. TENSION MOUNTS
Attitude between countries descriptive of the term Cold War
War fought not directly with weapons
Indirectly with subversion and espionage
Robert Phillip Hansen

13. RUSSIAN ATTEMPTS Soviet blockade of West Berlin 1948
Russian suppression of the Hungarian revolt 1958
Communist insurgents attempt to overthrow the Govt. in Greece

14. WESTERN RESPONSES
Allied planes fly over the blockade to supply West Berlin by air
U.S. alerts world that Russia had not abandoned Marxism
America advertises help to any nation that faces communist aggression

15. TRUMAN DOCTRINE Isolation policy changed to “containment”
President Truman promises aid to any country fighting communism
Free states
want guarantees
                                              

16. NATO FORMED Suggestion of Canadian Prime Minister Laurent
Nine like minded countries
Mutual guarantees against aggression

17. MARSHALL PLAN
1946 – Plan to economically aid countries devastated by the war
Offered to Russia but was refused
Arguably the most effective weapon in the Cold War

18. JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF Created by Roosevelt Helped him direct the war
Everyone soon realized something else needed to be done
                                           

19. NATIONAL SECURITY ACT 1947
War revealed that major revisions of the armed forces were necessary for efficiency
Army and Navy functioned as separate entities
Emergence of the Air Force as its own service made restructuring vital

20. REASONS AGAINST UNIFICATION
ARMY
Combat effectiveness
Military Control
COMPETITION OF THE MARINE CORPS
NAVY
Combat effectiveness
Organizational effectiveness
NAVY/USMC must remain paired

21. TRUMAN SETTLES DEBATE
Three departments headed by civilian secretaries (Air, Navy, War)
Secretary of Defense to coordinate and oversee
CIA and NSC were also created
Marine Corps receives it’s mission!

22. MORE SERVICE SQUABBLES
Conflicts arose among services and government on how to prepare for the next war
What weapons should be developed?
What is our overall military strategy?

23. FACTORS TO CONSIDER
Chinese communist had defeated Nationalists and controlled the mainland
Soviets achieved nuclear status
Fusion Bomb pursuit?
Navy-Air Force dispute over carriers or bombers
Survey of European defenses showed unprepared and weak

24. NSC-68 Stressed the need for conventional military
Reasoned settlement with Russia unlikely
Found U.S. could spend nearly 20% of the GNP on rearming
Predicted U.S. deterrence would be offset by Russian capabilities
Implementation of NSC-68 marked the beginning of the current U.S. military strategy

25. SUMMARY Atomic revolution Cold War Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan NATO
JCS
National Security Act
NSC-68

26. QUESTIONS?