1. “so Build me up, buttercup don’t break my heart”
Urbanization
POST 1877
30 Rock Credits
“New York, concrete jungle where dreams are made of There's nothin' you can't do Now you're in New York These streets will make you feel brand new The lights will inspire you”
--Empire state of mind
“so Build me up, buttercup don’t break my heart”
--The foundations

2. THE EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION DURING THE 19TH CENTURY
Rapidly increasing workforce
Dependence on raw materials; timber, iron, coal
Constant stream of immigration
Transportation + communication + machinery = productivity

3. Rural and Urban U.S. Population: 1860, 1900, 1920
Population Growth
U.S. population more than doubled between 1860 and 1900
Rural and Urban U.S. Population: 1860, 1900, 1920
1860
1900
1920
Total U.S. Pop.
31,443,321
76,212,168
106,021,537
% Living in Rural Areas
80.2
60.4
48.8
% Living in Urban Areas
19.8
39.6
51.2

4. THE GROWTH OF CITIES
People were moving from rural areas to cities, especially immigrants and African Americans in search of employment and trying to escape the Jim Crow Laws
By 1920 over 50% lived in urban areas
First time in U.S. history that more people lived in cities than rural areas
Result: Overcrowded cities and bad living conditions

5. Changing Cities: Mass Transportation
Problem: Cities become larger and citizens have difficulty traveling to different areas Solution: Streetcar provides public transportation

6. Changing Cities: Skyscrapers
Problem: Population growth requires that buildings become taller. Solution: Skyscrapers using steel, elevators, and central heating system

7. Changing Cities: Sanitation
Problem: Cities have expanded so quickly that the government has been unable or unwilling to adjust Solution: Eventually, the city will improve water, sewage, and waste disposal

8. Changing Cities: Crime
Problem: Population growth increased the number of people living in close quarters
Overcrowded nature of cities leads to more crime.
Solution: Cities begin having a more organized police force and begin using tactics like mug shots to keep track of criminals.

9. Changing Cities: Education
Problem: As cities grow, people begin caring more about how children should be developing and have problems with child labor. Solution: Laws are passed that require education (government provides for public education), and Ms. Burke has a job.

10. Educational Goals
Social Mobility: public schools should prepare students to compete for positions Social Efficiency: public schools should prepare workers. Democratic Equality: public schools should prepare citizens/voters.

11. Drastic Changes
Industrialization led to overcrowding of cities, unsanitary conditions, disease and slums
BUT…
Also led to U.S. as the world’s leading manufacturer in power and created new industries dedicated to leisure time activities

12. Changing: Leisure Time
As more people live in cities and are not working as many hours as they were on the farm, they are looking for entertainment Circus Baseball Games

13. Music: Jazz, vaudeville, ragtime Press: newspapers, magazines, sensationalism (aka tabloids) Sports: Baseball, basketball, football, boxing Art and Literature: Realism