1. Electromagnetic Theory (ECM515)
Ali Othman
Universiti Teknologi MARA Pulau Pinang
HP No:
BKBA 4.7( )/BP 7.15 ( )

2. Why Study Electromagnetics (EM)?
EM is a branch of physics or electrical engineering in which electric and magnetic phenomena are studied.
An EM is made up of interdependent electric and magnetic fields, which is the case when the fields are varying with time, that is, they are dynamic.
An electric field is a force field that acts upon material bodies by virtue of their property of charge, just as a gravitational field is a force field that acts upon them by virtue of their property of mass.
A magnetic field is a force field that acts upon charges in motion.
EM is all around us. In simple terms, every time we turn a power switch on, every time we press a key on our computer keyboard, or every time we perform a similar action involving an everyday electrical device, EM comes into play. It is the foundation for the technologies of electrical and elctronic engineering, spanning the entire electromagnetic spectrum, from dc to light, from the electrically and magnetically based (elctromechanics) technologies to the electronics technologies to the photonics technologies.
As such, in the context of engineering education, it is fundamental to the study of electrical and electronic engineering.

3. Course Outcomes
Solve all the properties of electrostatic and magnetic field in different materials and apply the properties in calculating electric and magnetic potential, capacitance and inductance.
Apply Maxwell equation and explain the induced EMF using Faraday’s and Lenz’s Law.
Identify the properties of material that give impact to the wave propagation.
Chapter 1 Vector Analysis (3h)
Chapter 2 Electrostatic Field (12h)
Chapter 3 Magnetostatic Field (12h)
Chapter 4 Time Varying Field & Maxwell’s Equations (6h)
Chapter 5 Plane Wave Propagations (6h)

4. Recommended as a Textbook
Title : Elements of electromagnetics Author : Matthew N. O. Sadiku Edition : 5, illustrated Publisher : Oxford University Press, Incorporated, Original from : the University of California Digitized : 2 Feb ISBN : , Length : 845 pages
Recommended as a Textbook

5. Chapter 1 Vectors Analysis
Objectives:
Define
Vector, Unit Vector, Direction and Distance between two points, Perpendicular & Parallel Vectors, Vector Math (+,-,, x)
Coordinate Systems (Cartesian, Cylindrical, Spherical)
Integrals (Line, Surface, Volume)

6. Scalars and Vectors
Scalar – a quantity that has only magnitude. i.e., time (t) ; mass (m) ; distance (d) ; temperature (T) Vector – a quantity that has both magnitude and direction. i.e., velocity ( ) ; force ( ) ; displacement ( ) Field – a function that specifies a particular quantity everywhere in a region. (if the quantity is a scalar/vector, the field is said to be a scalar/vector field.

7. Vectors, Unit Vector Example of Vector Magnitude
Direction of unit vector
Note that

8. Adding and Subtracting Vectors
Let us consider 2 vectors (A and B)

9. Direction and Distance between 2 points
Let us consider 2D (P1 and P2)
If we want to find

10. Direction and Distance between 2 points
Example
Q : If A = 10ax - 4ay + 6az and B = 2ax + ay, find:
the component of A along ay, (ay = -4)
the magnitude of 3A - B, (35.74)
3A - B = 3(10, - 4 , 6) - (2, 1, 0)
= (30,-12,18) - (2, 1,0)
= (28,-13,18)
(c) a unit vector along A + 2B.
Let C = A + 2B = (10, - 4 , 6) + (4, 2, 0) = (14, - 2 , 6)
A unit vector along C is :

11. Direction and Distance between 2 points
Q : Points P and Q are located at (0, 2, 4) and ( - 3 , 1, 5). Calculate: (a) The position vector P (b) The distance vector from P to Q (c) The distance between P and Q (d) A vector parallel to PQ with magnitude of 10

12. Vector Multiplication
When two vectors A and B are multiplied, the result is either a scalar or a vector depending on how they are multiplied. Thus there are two types of vector multiplication:
Scalar (or dot) product: A • B
Vector (or cross) product: A X B

13. Dot Product
Scalar (or dot) product: A • B

14. Cross Product
2. Vector (or cross) product: A X B normal to both A and B

15. Right Hand Rule (RHR)
2. Vector (or cross) product: A X B The direction of is taken as the direction of the RHR

16. Another form of Right Hand Rule
2. Vector (or cross) product: A X B

17. 1. Coordinate Systems Rectangular (Cartesian)
The 3 unit vectors are orthogonal each other

18. 2. Cylindrical Coordinate System

19. 3. Spherical Coordinate System
Specific limit

20. Differential Elements of Line, Surface, Volume - Rectangular
Formula
Line
Surface
Volume

21. Line Integral (Scalar form)
Let consider line of charge
Formula
Line
Surface
Volume

22. Line Integral (Vector form)
Let consider line of current in z direction (total amps)
Formula
Line
Surface
Volume

23. Surface Integral
Let consider uniform charge distribution of the surface.
Formula
Line
Surface
Volume

24. Surface Integral
Let consider non-uniform charge distribution of the surface.
Formula
Line
Surface
Volume

25. Surface Integral (Summary)
What changes?
Define the formula to use.
Define uniform or non- uniform.
Set up integral.
Formula
Line
Surface
Volume

26. Volume Integral
Formula
Line
Surface
Volume

27. Differential Elements of Line, Surface, Volume - Cylindrical Coordinate System
Formula
Line
Surface
Volume