1. TR - Tamper Resistant Receptacles

2. TR - Tamper Resistant Receptacles
Why do we need them ?
How do they work ?
Trouble shooting problems and issues
The National Electrical Code
Next slide has imbedded NEMA white paper on TR

3. The Unfortunate Facts
An analysis of U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) data over a 10-year period found:
24,000+ children under 10 years old were treated in emergency rooms for receptacle-related incidents.
10% of those children suffered severe shock and burns.
2850 Children are injured by misuse of receptacles each year

4. Objects Inserted are Everyday, Easily Accessible Household Items
Children can get burns and electrical shocks as a result of sticking common, everyday household items into electrical outlets:
• Paperclips • Screws/nails
• Keys • their fingers
• Hairpins
Children are less resistant to electrical shock than adults as they have thinner skin

5. Less Reliable ‘Solutions’
Plastic outlet caps:
Readily available.
Typically effective for children younger than 2 years old.
However,
In a Temple University study 47% of the 4-year-olds were able to remove one brand of cap.
100% of the 2-and 4-year-olds were able to remove a second brand—in many cases within 10 seconds!
Adults often forget to reinsert the caps.
Children can easily pull out electrical plugs, leaving exposed receptacles.
It’s clear that a permanently installed solution was needed!

6. Anatomy of a TR Receptacle
A tamper-resistant receptacle has a built-in safety mechanism that resists the insertion of foreign objects into the receptacle
The shutters will not open if an object is inserted into only one side or the other
The shutters will only open if two objects, such as the blades of a plug, are inserted at the same time using the same force

7. Protection is permanent, more reliable, and automatic!
Why TR Receptacles?
Mandated in hospital pediatric wards for more than 2 decades; proven to effectively prevent electrical injuries.
UL® listed—subjected to rigorous, documented testing.
Permanent—once installed, they offer continuous protection.
Reliable—proven shutter and electrical safety designs
Automatic—protection is continuous, even if a plug is removed.
Protection is permanent, more reliable, and automatic!

8. TR - Tamper Resistant Receptacles
UL 498 Performance and Test Requirements
Each slot is probe tested using a small diameter probe and a larger blade type probe. Probes must not contact live parts when inserted into slots in any direction.
Impact test followed by repeated probe test
5000 cycle endurance test with a standard plug followed by repeated probe test.

9. What If My Plug Will Not Insert?
While laboratory results show that there is no appreciable difference in force required to insert plugs into tamper-resistant receptacles, there may still be difficulty.
Bent, splayed, or burred plugs can be problematic

10. Damaged or Poorly Made Plugs
Problem: Bent plug blades may impede insertion. Blades with burrs or sharp edges may dig into a tamper-resistant receptacle’s shutters, making insertion difficult
Solution: Blades can be straightened by gently bending back into place. Sand blades to remove burrs and soften edges. Significantly damaged plugs should be replaced.  

11. TR – Tamper Resistant Receptacles
2017 NEC Requirements
Requires listed Tamper Resistant receptacles in:
All dwelling units
Guest rooms of hotels and motels
Child care facilities
Preschools and elementary education
Offices, corridors and waiting rooms within medical, dental, outpatient clinics and similar office facilities
Assembly occupancies as described in (public “places of waiting”)
Dormitories
406.4 (D) (5) Shall be installed as replacements in affected areas (exception for non-grounded replacement receptacles)
(C) Long-standing requirement for use in Pediatric units in hospitals
Tamper-Resistant Receptacles:
• The locations requiring tamper-resistant receptacles have been expanded, as have the types of receptacles requiring such protection.
Several locations where tamper-resistant receptacles will now be required have been added to the list of areas requiring protection. Preschools and elementary education facilities are now included (in addition to the child care facilities added for 2014). Most any other areas where people (particularly children) can or are known to congregate were added for These include waiting rooms of all types in clinics, medical and dental offices, as well as outpatient facilities. Subsets of assembly occupancies targeted “places of waiting” within transportation locations (airports, bus depots and train stations), gymnasiums, skating rinks and auditoriums were also added. Business offices, dormitories and corridors throughout most commercial environments will now require tamper-resistant receptacle outlets.
The 2017 NEC also added the requirement for TR receptacles to be installed within mobile and manufactured homes, although the legislation organization (HUD) that oversees electrical installation requirements continues to be based upon the 2005 NEC.
In addition, the tamper-resistance requirement for receptacles was expanded to include all 15- and 20-ampere, 125- and 250-volt non-locking types, with the 250-volt requirement being the new addition for 2017.

12. An Industry-Wide Preventive Measure
Beginning with 2008 the National Electrical Code® (NEC) article made tamper-resistant (TR) mandatory for 15A and 20A, 125V receptacles used in residential new construction and for replacement in areas mandated by the code.

13. Tamper Resistant Receptacles
Electrical injuries to children are physically devastating, emotionally traumatic, costly—and preventable.
A safer environment provides better injury prevention than behavior modification.
Tamper-Resistant receptacles offer the best solution – reliable and permanent.